{"id":4928,"date":"2014-12-02T15:55:05","date_gmt":"2014-12-02T13:55:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zurnalsiepirkumi.lv\/?p=4928"},"modified":"2014-12-05T15:18:49","modified_gmt":"2014-12-05T13:18:49","slug":"risku-vadiba-svarigs-nosacijums-uznemuma-izaugsmei","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zurnalsiepirkumi.lv\/?p=4928","title":{"rendered":"Risku vad\u012bba – svar\u012bgs nosac\u012bjums uz\u0146\u0113muma izaugsmei"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ar b\u016bvniec\u012bbas nozari saist\u012btie lielie uz\u0146\u0113mumi savu naudas pl\u016bsmu k\u0101rto ar atlikto maks\u0101jumu principu, kas pats par sevi nemaz nav slikts, vien\u012bgi \u2013 lai p\u0113c iesp\u0113jas v\u0113l\u0101k maks\u0101tu saviem pieg\u0101d\u0101t\u0101jiem, bie\u017ei tiek rad\u012bti absurdi str\u012bdi par kvalit\u0101ti un, kam\u0113r noris str\u012bdi par kvalit\u0101ti, nek\u0101di r\u0113\u0137ini maks\u0101ti netiek .<\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u016bvniec\u012bbas sektora ietekme uz uz\u0146\u0113m\u0113jdarb\u012bbas vidi<\/font><\/strong><\/p>\n

2014. biznesa gadu Latvijas uz\u0146\u0113mumi ir aizvad\u012bju\u0161i bez p\u0101rm\u0113r\u012bb\u0101m un \u012bpa\u0161iem p\u0101rsteigumiem, proti, pieejamie finan\u0161u p\u0101rskati (p\u0101rsvar\u0101 pirm\u0101 pusgada) neuzr\u0101da lielas izaugsmes tendences, un dom\u0101ju, ka t\u0101di tie ar\u012b paliks, apkopojot jau gada rezult\u0101tus. V\u0113rt\u0113jot patlaban pieejamos finan\u0161u r\u0101d\u012bt\u0101jus par 2014. gadu, redzams, ka uz\u0146\u0113mumi aizvien vair\u0101k piev\u0113r\u0161 uzman\u012bbu savu dar\u012bjumu risku vad\u012bbai un ar\u012b r\u016bp\u012bg\u0101k izraug\u0101s potenci\u0101los sadarb\u012bbas partnerus.<\/p>\n

Sarun\u0101s ar apdro\u0161in\u0101t\u0101jiem iez\u012bm\u0113j\u0101s tie\u0161i \u0161im gadam rakstur\u012bgas tendences.<\/p>\n

Pirmk\u0101rt<\/b>, b\u016bvniec\u012bbas nozar\u0113 iev\u0113rojami pasliktin\u0101j\u0101s maks\u0101jumu discipl\u012bna, kas k\u0101 \u0137\u0113des reakcija ir izrais\u012bjusi uz\u0146\u0113mumiem probl\u0113mas ar naudas pl\u016bsmas uztur\u0113\u0161anu k\u0101rt\u012bb\u0101. Apgroz\u0101mo l\u012bdzek\u013cu nepietiekam\u012bba liedz uz\u0146\u0113mumam laik\u0101 nor\u0113\u0137in\u0101ties par pieg\u0101d\u0101taj\u0101m prec\u0113m un pakalpojumiem, kas savuk\u0101rt uz\u0146\u0113mumiem, kam nav t\u0101du br\u012bvo l\u012bdzek\u013cu rezerves, stipri apgr\u016btina biznesa turpin\u0101\u0161anu. Uz\u0146\u0113mumi sola maks\u0101t, bet ne tagad. V\u0113l\u0101k, kaut kad. No kred\u012btriska viedok\u013ca uz\u0146\u0113mumiem, sl\u0113dzot l\u012bgumus ar jauniem partneriem, ir \u013coti r\u016bp\u012bgi j\u0101iepaz\u012bstas ar to finans\u0113m, kas
\ndod ieskatu visp\u0101r\u0113j\u0101 finan\u0161u st\u0101vok\u013ca nov\u0113rt\u0113\u0161an\u0101, tom\u0113r nav iesp\u0113jams paredz\u0113t, k\u0101 virz\u012bsies projekti.<\/p>\n

Latvij\u0101 ir audzis piepras\u012bjums p\u0113c jaun\u0101m \u0113k\u0101m: birojiem, viesn\u012bc\u0101m, priv\u0101tm\u0101j\u0101m u. tml. un pa\u0161laik noris \u013coti akt\u012bva b\u016bvniec\u012bba, kur\u0101 apgroz\u0101s miljoni eiro. Tas, ka aktiviz\u0113jusies
\nb\u016bvniec\u012bba, ir apsveicami, jo tiek stimul\u0113ts iek\u0161\u0113jais pat\u0113ri\u0146\u0161, kas ir m\u016bsu ekonomikas dzin\u0113jsp\u0113ks. Sarun\u0101joties ikdien\u0101 ar vid\u0113jiem uz\u0146\u0113mumiem, kuri ir apak\u0161uz\u0146\u0113m\u0113ji da\u017e\u0101dos celtniec\u012bbas projektos, un vaic\u0101jot par tendenc\u0113m, nereti dzirdu, ka lielie uz\u0146\u0113mumi savu naudas pl\u016bsmu k\u0101rto ar atlikto maks\u0101jumu principu, kas pats par sevi nemaz nav slikts, vien\u012bgi \u2013 lai p\u0113c iesp\u0113jas v\u0113l\u0101k maks\u0101tu savam pieg\u0101d\u0101t\u0101jam, bie\u017ei tiek rad\u012bti absurdi str\u012bdi par kvalit\u0101ti un, kam\u0113r noris str\u012bdi par kvalit\u0101ti, nek\u0101di r\u0113\u0137ini maks\u0101ti netiek. Ja uz\u0146\u0113mums ir stiprs, tad \u0161\u012b c\u012b\u0146a vienk\u0101r\u0161i ievelkas, ja uz\u0146\u0113mums nav tik stiprs un nav br\u012bvo l\u012bdzek\u013cu, lai ilgsto\u0161i c\u012bn\u012btos ar \u201cmil\u017eiem\u201d, tiek kav\u0113ti maks\u0101jumi jau saviem pieg\u0101d\u0101t\u0101jiem un pats uz\u0146\u0113mums non\u0101k neapskau\u017eam\u0101 situ\u0101cij\u0101 un ir spiests pieteikt maks\u0101tnesp\u0113ju.<\/p>\n

Ar\u012b apdro\u0161in\u0101\u0161anas komp\u0101nij\u0101m 2014. gads ir ienesis jaunas v\u0113smas b\u016bvniec\u012bbas sektora debitoru apdro\u0161in\u0101\u0161an\u0101, jo ir daudz atl\u012bdz\u012bbu pieteikumu par nemaks\u0101\u0161anu un ar\u012b paredzamo izmaks\u0101jamo atl\u012bdz\u012bbu apjoms \u0161ogad ir rekordliels<\/b>. Sekas \u2013 gaid\u0101ma apdro\u0161in\u0101\u0161anas komp\u0101niju riska apet\u012btes mazin\u0101\u0161an\u0101s \u0161aj\u0101 sektor\u0101 un ar\u012b liel\u0101ka piesardz\u012bba, apstiprinot kred\u012btlimitus p\u0113capmaksas dar\u012bjumiem.<\/p>\n

Uz\u0146\u0113mumos citos biznesa sektoros situ\u0101cija ir daudz m\u0113ren\u0101ka. Protams, j\u0101r\u0113\u0137in\u0101s, ka, sad\u0101rdzinoties vesel\u012bbas apr\u016bpei, k\u0101ps z\u0101\u013cu cenas un citi saist\u012btie pakalpojumi ar\u012b Latvij\u0101, ne tikai
\np\u0101rtiku\u0161aj\u0101s ES valst\u012bs. Kopum\u0101 farm\u0101cijas sektors tiek v\u0113rt\u0113ts ar paaugstin\u0101tu risku nu jau ilg\u0101ku laiku. Vesel\u012bbas apr\u016bpe ar katru gadu k\u013c\u016bst aizvien d\u0101rg\u0101ka, vienlaikus tirg\u016b ien\u0101k arvien modern\u0101ki un d\u0101rg\u0101ki medikamenti, kop\u0113jais iedz\u012bvot\u0101ju vesel\u012bbas st\u0101voklis pasliktin\u0101s, kas izriet no ikdien\u0101 lietot\u0101s zem\u0101s p\u0101rtikas kvalit\u0101tes. T\u0101pat aizvien vair\u0101k iedz\u012bvot\u0101ju nevar at\u013cauties prim\u0101ro vesel\u012bbas apr\u016bpi, kas noz\u012bm\u0113, ka tad, kad cilv\u0113ks nok\u013c\u016bst pie \u0101rsta, vesel\u012bbas atg\u016b\u0161an\u0101 ir j\u0101iegulda daudz vair\u0101k l\u012bdzek\u013cu nek\u0101 tad, ja vi\u0146\u0161 pie \u0101rsta b\u016btu v\u0113rsies laikus.<\/p>\n

Starptautiskaj\u0101 ar\u0113n\u0101 farm\u0101cijas sektora paaugstin\u0101tais risks saist\u012bts ar visp\u0101r\u0113jo vesel\u012bbas apr\u016bpes izdevumu cel\u0161anos un ar\u012b ar maks\u0101jumu discipl\u012bnas pasliktin\u0101\u0161anos nozar\u0113, kur\u0101 agr\u0101k t\u0101das probl\u0113mas nenov\u0113roja. Farm\u0101cija jau sen ir p\u0101rrobe\u017eu bizness, un Eiropas uz\u0146\u0113mumu st\u0101voklis ietekm\u0113 neliela vi\u013c\u0146a veid\u0101 ar\u012b Latvijas uz\u0146\u0113mumus. Otra probl\u0113ma, kas vair\u0101k skar Latvijas uz\u0146\u0113mumus: medikamentu tirgu regul\u0113jo\u0161\u0101s pras\u012bbas, kuru iev\u0113ro\u0161ana prasa arvien liel\u0101kus naudas un laika ieguld\u012bjumus. Pat\u0113r\u0113t\u0101ju spiediens p\u0113c l\u0113t\u0101k\u0101m z\u0101l\u0113m un to pieejam\u012bbas, rada papildu
\nslogu medikamentu ra\u017eot\u0101jiem, kuriem j\u0101mekl\u0113 jauni ce\u013ci izmaksu efektivit\u0101tes paaugstin\u0101\u0161anai, vienlaikus saglab\u0101jot kvalit\u0101ti un produktivit\u0101ti. Z\u0101\u013cu ra\u017eot\u0101ji piem\u0113ro arvien rado\u0161\u0101kas metodes, lai pat\u0113r\u0113t\u0101js nopirktu tie\u0161i vi\u0146u ra\u017eojumu, kas ar\u012b veicina ne tik caursp\u012bd\u012bgu sist\u0113mu.<\/p>\n

\u012apa\u0161as jaunas tendences kred\u012btriska nov\u0113rt\u0113jum\u0101 farm\u0101cijas sektor\u0101 TOP 10 uz\u0146\u0113mumiem nav gaid\u0101mas. Kred\u012btrisks tiek v\u0113rt\u0113ts k\u0101 vid\u0113ji labs, bez paredzam\u0101m negat\u012bv\u0101m p\u0101rmai\u0146\u0101m.<\/p>\n

\u0122eopolitisk\u0101s kr\u012bzes ietekme<\/font><\/strong><\/p>\n

Otrk\u0101rt<\/b>, tendence, kas ietekm\u0113jusi Baltijas biznesa un ne tikai vidi kopum\u0101, ir \u0123eopolitisk\u0101 kr\u012bze Krievij\u0101. \u0160eit j\u0101iz\u0161\u0137ir divi faktori. Viens \u2013 embargo konkr\u0113t\u0101m prec\u0113m un otrs \u2013 rub\u013ca v\u0113rt\u012bbas strauja kri\u0161an\u0101s. Lai ar\u012b tirdzniec\u012bba ar Krieviju nav vissvar\u012bg\u0101k\u0101 valstij kopum\u0101, tom\u0113r Latvij\u0101 un Igaunij\u0101 tie ir 12% no eksporta apjoma, bet Lietuv\u0101 \u2013 20%. Kop\u0161 kr\u012bzes s\u0101kuma eksports uz Krieviju laik\u0101 no pirm\u0101 l\u012bdz tre\u0161ajam ceturksnim Latvijai saruka par 15%, Lietuvai \u2013 par 12,8%, Igaunijai \u2013 par 12% (“Coface analytics” dati).<\/p>\n

Krievijas embargo visvair\u0101k j\u016btams Lietuvas uz\u0146\u0113m\u0113jiem. Preces ir pieg\u0101d\u0101tas jau sen, tom\u0113r uz\u0146\u0113mumiem nav naudas, lai samaks\u0101tu, un lab\u0101kaj\u0101 gad\u012bjum\u0101 tiek izteikti sol\u012bjumi \u2013 j\u0101, samaks\u0101\u0161u, tikai neprasi man to \u0161odien! P\u0101rtikas distrib\u016bcijas uz\u0146\u0113mumiem tr\u016bkst naudas nor\u0113\u0137iniem, tas veicina probl\u0113mas ar maks\u0101jumu discipl\u012bnu, kas l\u012bdz\u012bgi k\u0101 cunami izraisa p\u0101r\u0113j\u0101s sekas. Otra probl\u0113ma ir rub\u013ca v\u0113rt\u012bbas kri\u0161an\u0101s. T\u0101 cena, par kuru uz\u0146\u0113mumi sav\u0101 starp\u0101 ir vienoju\u0161ies, paliek nemain\u012bga, bet Krievij\u0101 eso\u0161am uz\u0146\u0113mumam, kas nevar \u0161odien nor\u0113\u0137in\u0101ties, rublis r\u012bt b\u016bs j\u0101p\u0113rk jau par citu cenu. Uz\u0146\u0113mumi var, protams, izmantot banku instrumentus un fiks\u0113t rub\u013cu cenu uz noteiktu periodu, bet ar\u012b tam nepiecie\u0161ami br\u012bvie l\u012bdzek\u013ci, kuru nav. K\u0101 rezult\u0101tu m\u0113s varam sagaid\u012bt to, ka k\u0101ds ciet\u012bs, un bie\u017e\u0101k tas ir eksport\u0113jo\u0161ais uz\u0146\u0113mums, jo nesa\u0146ems naudu par p\u0101rdotaj\u0101m prec\u0113m laikus vai ar\u012b b\u016bs spiests noteikt maz\u0101ku cenu, lai kompens\u0113tu rub\u013ca sv\u0101rst\u012bbas, un attiec\u012bgi sev samazin\u0101t pe\u013c\u0146u. Visdramatisk\u0101k\u0101s sekas b\u016btu, ja distrib\u016bcijas kan\u0101ls dar\u012bjumiem Krievij\u0101 tiktu sl\u0113gts un eksport\u0113jo\u0161am uz\u0146\u0113mumam b\u016btu j\u0101mekl\u0113 jauni tirgi, kas atkal ir jaunas izmaksas un galvass\u0101pes.<\/p>\n

Visos iepirkumu procesos pas\u016bt\u012bt\u0101jam ir \u013coti svar\u012bgi p\u0101rliecin\u0101ties par pretendenta maks\u0101tsp\u0113ju, k\u0101 ar\u012b g\u016bt p\u0101rliec\u012bbu, ka konkr\u0113t\u0101 uz\u0146\u0113muma izv\u0113les gad\u012bjum\u0101 tas sp\u0113s pild\u012bt savas saist\u012bbas. Ar nosac\u012bjumu, ka j\u0101izv\u0113las saimnieciski izdev\u012bg\u0101kais pied\u0101v\u0101jums, t. i., zem\u0101k\u0101 cena, pats iepirkums jau sev\u012b sl\u0113pj gan korupcijas risku, gan ar\u012b kvalitat\u012bva darba neizpildes risku.<\/p>\n

Starptautisk\u0101m komp\u0101nij\u0101m iepirkumu konkursos pretend\u0113t ir diezgan sare\u017e\u0123\u012bti, jo tiek pras\u012btas tik da\u017e\u0101das un nesaprotam\u0101m vajadz\u012bb\u0101m piem\u0113rojamas izzi\u0146as, piem\u0113ram, komp\u0101nijai noteikts reitings AA, kas ir pat augst\u0101ks nek\u0101 Latvijas valstij. Tiek pras\u012btas izzi\u0146as par to, ka nodok\u013cu par\u0101di nep\u0101rsniedz 150 eiro. Ir neizprotama \u0161o izzi\u0146u vajadz\u012bba, jo liel\u0101s apdro\u0161in\u0101\u0161anas
\nkomp\u0101nijas nemaz nevar bankrot\u0113t, it sevi\u0161\u0137i, kad ir pie\u0161\u0137irts reitings AA vai AA- un turkl\u0101t saska\u0146\u0101 ar Finan\u0161u un kapit\u0101la tirgus komisijas pras\u012bb\u0101m ES valst\u012bs ir noteikti iziets \u201cMaks\u0101tsp\u0113jas 2\u201d process, kas garant\u0113 uz\u0146\u0113muma sp\u0113ju segt uz\u0146emto risku. Ierosin\u0101jums b\u016btu diferenc\u0113t \u0161o izzi\u0146u piepras\u012bjumu, izv\u0113rt\u0113jot to nepiecie\u0161am\u012bbu p\u0113c b\u016bt\u012bbas.<\/p>\n

Bet taj\u0101 pa\u0161\u0101 laik\u0101 \u0161o izzi\u0146u pras\u012bjumus var v\u0113rt\u0113t div\u0113j\u0101di. No vienas puses, \u0146emot v\u0113r\u0101, ka starptautiskie uz\u0146\u0113mumi nevar viegli izpild\u012bt \u0161\u012bs pras\u012bbas, te darbojas savdab\u012bgs pa\u0161m\u0101ju tirgus aizsardz\u012bbas meh\u0101nisms. L\u016bdzu, lielie varenie, n\u0101ciet, bet m\u0113s padar\u0101m ien\u0101k\u0161anu neiesp\u0113jamu. T\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di uz\u0146\u0113mumi ir, var\u0113tu teikt, spiesti atbalst\u012bt viet\u0113jo, bet par augst\u0101ku cenu, kas savuk\u0101rt sad\u0101rdzina konkr\u0113t\u0101 produkta vai pakalpojuma izmaksas gala pat\u0113r\u0113t\u0101jam. No otras puses, lielie starptautiskie apdro\u0161in\u0101t\u0101ji noteikti var\u0113tu pied\u0101v\u0101t l\u0113t\u0101k un pat elast\u012bg\u0101k, un da\u017ek\u0101rt ar\u012b to, ko \u0161eit nevar ieg\u0101d\u0101ties, t\u0101pat vien, gar\u0101m ejot, individu\u0101li.<\/p>\n

Latvijas uzst\u0101d\u012bjums \u2013 atbalst\u012bt viet\u0113jo ra\u017eot\u0101ju, pakalpojumu sniedz\u0113ju, un tas ir pareizi, nav viss j\u0101nes uz \u0101rzem\u0113m, no \u0101rvalst\u012bm j\u0101p\u0113rk t\u0101s preces, kuras nevar nopirkt Latvij\u0101.<\/p>\n

Konkursi ir j\u0101v\u0113rt\u0113 p\u0113c b\u016bt\u012bbas. Latvij\u0101 ir milz\u012bgs spiediens uz zemo cenu, kas, protams, atspogu\u013cojas ar\u012b izmaksu sada\u013c\u0101. Ja apdro\u0161in\u0101t\u0101js ir nospiests l\u012bdz lejai ar cenu, tad, ar\u012b v\u0113rt\u0113jot atl\u012bdz\u012bbas izmaksu, tiks vair\u0101k mekl\u0113tas da\u017e\u0101das k\u013c\u016bdas vai nepiln\u012bbas dokument\u0101cij\u0101, kas t\u0101 neb\u016btu, ja pirc\u0113js pirktu ar\u012b caur iepirkumu preces vai pakalpojumus par riskam tuvin\u0101t\u0101ku cenu.<\/p>\n

Ilgi darbojoties apdro\u0161in\u0101\u0161an\u0101, es l\u012bdz \u0161im neesmu redz\u0113jusi no valsts vai pa\u0161vald\u012bbu uz\u0146\u0113mumiem izsludin\u0101tu iepirkumu debitoru apdro\u0161in\u0101\u0161anas jom\u0101. Mani tas vienm\u0113r izbr\u012bna: k\u0101p\u0113c? Vai t\u0101p\u0113c, ka sare\u017e\u0123\u012bti, vai t\u0101p\u0113c, ka valsts kapit\u0101la uz\u0146\u0113mumiem ner\u016bp tas, vai vi\u0146u pirc\u0113ji samaks\u0101s vai ne? Debitoru apdro\u0161in\u0101\u0161ana ir finan\u0161u risku vad\u012bbas instruments<\/b> un nav nekas eksotisks, t\u0101pat k\u0101 vesel\u012bbas vai \u0113ku apdro\u0161in\u0101\u0161ana, un ir lietojams ne tikai advanc\u0113taj\u0101 Igaunij\u0101. Tas ir tikpat norm\u0101li un m\u016bsdien\u012bgi, k\u0101 uz\u0146\u0113mumiem izvietot br\u012bvos l\u012bdzek\u013cus banku depoz\u012btos vai k\u0101dos citos dro\u0161os instrumentos.<\/p>\n

AUTORS: Sandra Smiltniece, starptautisk\u0101 brokeru apdro\u0161in\u0101\u0161anas uz\u0146\u0113muma \u201cMARSH\u201d kred\u012btrisku apdro\u0161in\u0101\u0161anas vad\u012bt\u0101ja<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ar b\u016bvniec\u012bbas nozari saist\u012btie lielie uz\u0146\u0113mumi savu naudas pl\u016bsmu k\u0101rto ar atlikto maks\u0101jumu principu, kas pats par sevi nemaz nav slikts, vien\u012bgi \u2013 lai p\u0113c iesp\u0113jas v\u0113l\u0101k maks\u0101tu saviem pieg\u0101d\u0101t\u0101jiem, bie\u017ei tiek rad\u012bti absurdi str\u012bdi par kvalit\u0101ti un, kam\u0113r noris str\u012bdi par kvalit\u0101ti, nek\u0101di r\u0113\u0137ini maks\u0101ti netiek .<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zurnalsiepirkumi.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4928"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zurnalsiepirkumi.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zurnalsiepirkumi.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zurnalsiepirkumi.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zurnalsiepirkumi.lv\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4928"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/zurnalsiepirkumi.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4928\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5170,"href":"https:\/\/zurnalsiepirkumi.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4928\/revisions\/5170"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zurnalsiepirkumi.lv\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4928"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zurnalsiepirkumi.lv\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4928"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zurnalsiepirkumi.lv\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4928"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}