{"id":4147,"date":"2014-08-25T14:47:22","date_gmt":"2014-08-25T12:47:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zurnalsiepirkumi.lv\/?p=4147"},"modified":"2014-09-04T10:22:47","modified_gmt":"2014-09-04T08:22:47","slug":"briva-tirgus-ekonomikas-ciesanas-un-speks","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zurnalsiepirkumi.lv\/?p=4147","title":{"rendered":"Br\u012bv\u0101 tirgus ekonomikas cie\u0161anas un sp\u0113ks"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0122eopolitisk\u0101 sasp\u012bl\u0113juma ietekm\u0113 Krievijas noteikto ekonomisko sankciju sekas uz Latvijas ekonomiku var rad\u012bt ilgsto\u0161u ekonomikas stagn\u0101ciju vai recesiju. Sankcijas un embargo noz\u012bm\u0113 atk\u0101p\u0161anos no tirgus ekonomikas pamatpostul\u0101tiem: br\u012bvas pre\u010du kust\u012bbas un konkurences. Embargo un citu sankciju ietekme, protams, br\u012bvo tirgu nesagrauj. <\/strong><\/p>\n

Krievijas p\u0101rtikas tirg\u016b 40% veido imports. Uzliekot embargo ES, ASV, Austr\u0101lijas, Kan\u0101das un Norv\u0113\u0123ijas produktiem, Krievija vienlaikus soda ar\u012b pati sevi. Krievija b\u016bs spiesta noteiktaj\u0101s sankcij\u0101s ieviest iz\u0146\u0113mumus, un t\u0101da situ\u0101cija b\u016bs ne viena vien. Kop\u0113j\u0101 summa p\u0101rtikas tirg\u016b, kuru skar Krievijas embargo, sast\u0101da devi\u0146us miljardus dol\u0101ru. Tos zaud\u0113 vieni, un da\u013c\u0113ji ieg\u016bs citi. Putins jau savlaic\u012bgi ir vienojies ar Lat\u012b\u0146ameriku un \u0136\u012bnu par p\u0101rtikas pieg\u0101d\u0113m, un veikalu plaukti tuk\u0161i nest\u0101v\u0113s.
\n<\/p>\n

Ta\u010du ar\u012b p\u0101rpiln\u012bbas neb\u016bs, un \u0101tri atgriez\u012bsies PSRS ierast\u0101 \u201cblatu\u201d sist\u0113ma. Savuk\u0101rt cenu pieaugumu transporta izdevumu palielin\u0101\u0161an\u0101s d\u0113\u013c iecer\u0113ts p\u0101rlikt uz uz\u0146\u0113m\u0113ju, nevis uz pat\u0113r\u0113t\u0101ju pleciem. Tas noz\u012bm\u0113, ka \u0161ie jaunie pieg\u0101d\u0101t\u0101ji vismaz uz laiku izspied\u012bs vecos. Ta\u010du, kad sankciju c\u012b\u0146as beigsies, atg\u016bt iepriek\u0161\u0113j\u0101s poz\u012bcijas neb\u016bs tik vienk\u0101r\u0161i. \u0160obr\u012bd gan ir gr\u016bti pateikt, cik ilgi konflikts turpin\u0101sies. Diem\u017e\u0113l daudzas paz\u012bmes liek dom\u0101t, ka atlab\u0161anas process nes\u0101ksies tik dr\u012bz. J\u0101\u0146em v\u0113r\u0101 ar\u012b tas, ka modern\u0101 lo\u0123istika sp\u0113j minimiz\u0113t p\u0101rvad\u0101jumu cenu, t\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di mazinot sankciju ietekmi.<\/p>\n

Latvija un p\u0101r\u0113j\u0101s embargo pak\u013caut\u0101s valstis ciet\u012bs, jo sara\u017eoto produkciju neb\u016bs (jau nav) kur likt. Cenas krit\u012bsies (jau kr\u012bt). Steidzami nepiecie\u0161ama ES kop\u0113j\u0101s politikas korekcija intervence un eksporta subs\u012bdijas, lai ne\u013cautu p\u0101rtikas uz\u0146\u0113mumiem masveid\u0101 bankrot\u0113t. Lai k\u0101dus pas\u0101kumus Krievija veiktu, cenu k\u0101pums ir neizb\u0113gams. Savuk\u0101rt taj\u0101 pa\u0161\u0101 laik\u0101 gan Krievij\u0101, gan ES sankcijas izrais\u012bs pastiprin\u0101tu kontrabandas un citu t. s. meln\u0101 un pel\u0113k\u0101 tirgus elementu att\u012bst\u012bbu, \u012bpa\u0161i valst\u012bs, kuras robe\u017eojas ar Krieviju, un pa\u0161\u0101 Krievij\u0101.<\/p>\n

Sankciju laik\u0101 br\u012bv\u0101 tirgus nosac\u012bjumi tiek izkrop\u013coti, pastiprin\u0101s valsts iejauk\u0161an\u0101s ekonomik\u0101, protekcionisms degrad\u0113 konkurenci, subs\u012bdijas, intervence, kvotu sist\u0113ma tiek kori\u0123\u0113ta. Tom\u0113r tie\u0161i tirgus ekonomik\u0101 sl\u0113pjas sp\u0113ks, kas \u013cauj c\u012bn\u012bties ar sankciju sek\u0101m. <\/p>\n

K\u0101di tad ir vald\u012bbas galvenie uzdevumi \u0161aj\u0101 situ\u0101cij\u0101? K\u0101dai j\u0101b\u016bt vald\u012bbas dienask\u0101rt\u012bbai? T\u0101 k\u0101 embargo pagaid\u0101m skar galvenok\u0101rt lauksaimniec\u012bbu un galven\u0101 probl\u0113ma \u2013 nav kur likt sara\u017eoto produkciju, un t\u0101s cena strauji kr\u012bt \u2013 vajadz\u012bga akt\u012bva vald\u012bbas r\u012bc\u012bba, lai gl\u0101btu lauksaimniec\u012bbas uz\u0146\u0113mumus no bankrota un likvid\u0101cijas. Nepiecie\u0161ams pas\u0101kumu komplekss, kas ietver PVN samazin\u0101\u0161anu p\u0101rtikai, v\u0113rien\u012bga nacion\u0101l\u0101 kampa\u0146a Izv\u0113lies Latvijas preci,<\/em> cenu starp\u012bbas kompens\u0101cija ra\u017eot\u0101jiem, antidempinga pas\u0101kumi, Altia<\/em> un valsts garantiju izmanto\u0161ana ilgsto\u0161as lieto\u0161anas termi\u0146a produktu ra\u017eo\u0161anai (sausais piens z\u012bdai\u0146iem, kaze\u012bns utt.), eksporta kred\u012btgarantijas uz visiem Latvijas eksporta tirgiem u.c.<\/p>\n

Ja produktu cenas kr\u012bt, tad iedz\u012bvot\u0101ji k\u0101du br\u012bdi priec\u0101jas, bet valst\u012b ien\u0101kumi samazin\u0101s, var s\u0101kties defl\u0101cija, samazin\u0101s bud\u017eeta ie\u0146\u0113mumi, bud\u017eeta l\u012bdzek\u013cu tr\u016bkums mazina valsts pas\u016bt\u012bjumus cit\u0101s nozar\u0113s. <\/p>\n

Krievija izteikusi ar\u012b gatav\u012bbu papla\u0161in\u0101t sankcijas un t\u0101s attiecin\u0101t ar\u012b uz ku\u0123u b\u016bvi, lidapar\u0101tiem un automobi\u013cu ra\u017eo\u0161anu. V\u0113l jau ir daudz da\u017e\u0101du variantu, piem\u0113ram, pasludin\u0101t aizliegumu aviop\u0101rlidojumiem no Eiropas \u0100zijas virzien\u0101, kas noz\u012bm\u0113tu vismaz vienu miljardu dol\u0101ru katrus 3 m\u0113ne\u0161us papildu degvielas ieg\u0101dei apk\u0101rtce\u013ciem. Savuk\u0101rt, ja Eiropa ieviestu l\u012bdz\u012bgas sankcijas gaisa telpai, tad Krievijai tas rad\u012btu attiec\u012bgi 300 miljonus dol\u0101ru zaud\u0113jumus (\u017eurn\u0101la The Economist<\/em> apr\u0113\u0137ini). <\/p>\n

V\u0101rdu sakot, ja s\u0101ksies sacens\u012bba \u2013 kur\u0161 kuram nodar\u012bs liel\u0101kus zaud\u0113jumus, tad rezult\u0101ts b\u016bs \u0161\u0101ds: Krievijas iedz\u012bvot\u0101ji iztur\u0113s (klus\u0113s), bet neiztur\u0113s Krievijas ekonomika. Turpretim Eiropas ekonomika iztur\u0113s, bet eiropie\u0161i neiztur\u0113s. T\u0101p\u0113c ka Eirop\u0101 ir demokr\u0101tija un eiropie\u0161i ska\u013ci pras\u012bs sav\u0101m vald\u012bb\u0101m akt\u012bvu r\u012bc\u012bbu. <\/p>\n

Uzliktais embargo dos stimulu Krievijas iek\u0161\u0113j\u0101 tirgus un ra\u017eo\u0161anas att\u012bst\u012bbai. Bet nopietna att\u012bst\u012bba prasa ilgtermi\u0146a kredit\u0113\u0161anu, tehnolo\u0123ijas un know how, kas liel\u0101 m\u0113r\u0101 \u0161obr\u012bd ir iek\u013cauts Rietumvalstu sankciju sast\u0101v\u0101.<\/p>\n

Ac\u012bmredzot Latvij\u0101 t\u0101pat k\u0101 cit\u0101s valst\u012bs ieviest\u0101s sankcijas uzmodin\u0101s<\/em> protekcionismu. Jau m\u016bsu premjeres teiktaj\u0101 izskan\u0113jis, ka skol\u0101s \u0113din\u0101\u0161anai vajadz\u0113tu iepirkt tikai Latvij\u0101 ra\u017eotu pienu. Tas noz\u012bm\u0113 ac\u012bmredzamu iepirkumu direkt\u012bvas p\u0101rk\u0101pumu. Valsts iepirkumu nolikumiem j\u0101b\u016bt tam instrumentam, kur\u0161 \u013cauj ierobe\u017eot dempinga cenas (galvenok\u0101rt \u0101rvalstu pieg\u0101d\u0101t\u0101ji) un mazin\u0101t tie\u0161us Direkt\u012bvas p\u0101rk\u0101pumus. Tom\u0113r embargo apst\u0101k\u013cos br\u012bv\u0101 konkurence p\u0101rst\u0101j eksist\u0113t, cena vairs nav svar\u012bg\u0101kais, iz\u0161\u0137iro\u0161ais \u2013 nacion\u0101l\u0101 pieder\u012bba. <\/p>\n

Protams, \u0161\u0101dos apst\u0101k\u013cos viens no vald\u012bbas galvenajiem uzdevumiem ir visiem iesp\u0113jamiem l\u012bdzek\u013ciem nepie\u013caut Latvijas uz\u0146\u0113mumu bankrotu. T\u0101d\u0113\u013c ir j\u0101pal\u012bdz uz\u0146\u0113mumiem p\u0101rdz\u012bvot kr\u012bzi, un pie\u013cauju, ka \u0161\u0101da veida protekcionisms, kura rezult\u0101t\u0101 vald\u012bba maks\u0101 augst\u0101ku cenu vai kompens\u0113 starp\u012bbu, neap\u0161aub\u0101mi zin\u0101mu laiku ir pie\u013caujams. Vienlaikus kr\u012bzes apst\u0101k\u013cos r\u016bp\u012bgi j\u0101izv\u0113rt\u0113, k\u0101di aizliegumi ir j\u0101p\u0101rskata un k\u0101di papildu atvieglojumi, tai skait\u0101 nodok\u013cu jom\u0101, ir j\u0101pie\u0161\u0137ir, lai uz\u0146\u0113m\u0113jdarb\u012bba att\u012bst\u012btos strauj\u0101k, ar liel\u0101ku iniciat\u012bvu k\u0101 parasti, var\u0113tu teikt, miera apst\u0101k\u013cos. Kategoriski izsl\u0113dzama jebk\u0101da nodok\u013cu paaugstin\u0101\u0161ana. <\/p>\n

Lai bizness justos br\u012bv\u0101ks sav\u0101s iesp\u0113j\u0101s mekl\u0113t jaunus ce\u013cus un jaunus tirgus, tradicion\u0101l\u0101 pieeja (izst\u0101des, semin\u0101ri u. tml.) j\u0101papildina vai pat j\u0101aizvieto ar m\u0113r\u0137tiec\u012bgu konkr\u0113tu uz\u0146\u0113mumu vai konkr\u0113tas produkcijas lob\u0113\u0161anu citos tirgos, piedaloties valsts augst\u0101kaj\u0101m amatperson\u0101m. <\/p>\n

Iesp\u0113jams, ka tiem, kuri cer uz Baltkrieviju un Kazahst\u0101nu k\u0101 Krievijas muitas savien\u012bbas dal\u012bbvalst\u012bm, pal\u012bdz\u012bba ofici\u0101l\u0101 l\u012bmen\u012b var kait\u0113t, tom\u0113r cit\u0101s valst\u012bs t\u0101 ir \u013coti nepiecie\u0161ama. J\u0101piez\u012bm\u0113, ka lai gan Baltkrievija un Kazahst\u0101na atkl\u0101ti nepiedal\u0101s embargo, sankcijas \u013coti b\u016btiski trauc\u0113s jaun\u0101s Muitas savien\u012bbas att\u012bst\u012bbu. K\u0101 man zin\u0101ms, 3 valstu prezidenti ir vienoju\u0161ies par savstarp\u0113ju atbalstu sankciju period\u0101. Ta\u010du bizness nesnaud\u012bs un nepalaid\u012bs gar\u0101m iesp\u0113ju nopeln\u012bt.<\/p>\n

\u0160aj\u0101 br\u012bd\u012b visi mekl\u0113 citus tirgus, un Latvijas iesp\u0113jas, no vienas puses, ir liel\u0101kas, jo mums ir sam\u0113r\u0101 neliels p\u0101rtikas eksporta \u012bpatsvars Krievijas virzien\u0101. J\u0101atrod t\u0101das ni\u0161as, kur varam iespraukties,<\/em> bet tradicion\u0101lie jaunu tirgu mekl\u0113\u0161anas ce\u013ci un metodes \u0161obr\u012bd vairs nestr\u0101d\u0101s.<\/p>\n

Eksporta subs\u012bdijas un intervence. T\u0101s Latvija nevar realiz\u0113t viena pati, jo taj\u0101 br\u012bd\u012b, kad m\u0113s to \u012bstenotu vieni pa\u0161i, faktiski atbr\u012bvotos tirgus ni\u0161a citiem konkurentiem. T\u0101p\u0113c eksporta subs\u012bdijas un intervence iesp\u0113jama vien k\u0101 kop\u0113ja ES politika. Ja Eiropa kav\u0113sies, tad seku likvid\u0113\u0161ana gulsies uz Latviju vienu pa\u0161u. No ES j\u0101prasa ar\u012b ES p\u0101rtikas fonda izveido\u0161ana un Latvijas produktu iek\u013cau\u0161ana hum\u0101n\u0101s pal\u012bdz\u012bbas krav\u0101s tre\u0161aj\u0101m valst\u012bm, k\u0101 ar\u012b soda sankciju par potenci\u0101lo piena kvotu p\u0101rt\u0113ri\u0146u atcel\u0161ana.<\/p>\n

Rodoties kr\u012bzes apst\u0101k\u013ciem, j\u0101izdara visas t\u0101s lietas, kuru veik\u0161anai pietr\u016bkst d\u016b\u0161as,<\/em> kad viss rit norm\u0101li. Faktiski uz\u0146\u0113m\u0113jiem un vald\u012bbai j\u0101b\u016bt tie\u0161saist\u0113,<\/em> t\u0101d\u0113\u013c ka kr\u012bze prasa, lai vald\u012bba ikdien\u0101 sekotu notikumu att\u012bst\u012bbai un rea\u0123\u0113tu nekav\u0113joties. Gudr\u0101k\u0101s vald\u012bbas kr\u012bzes apst\u0101k\u013cos r\u0113\u0137ina nacion\u0101l\u0101 kopprodukta pieaugumu vai kritumu pa ned\u0113\u013c\u0101m. To \u0146em v\u0113r\u0101 ne tikai k\u0101 kop\u0113jo makroekonimisko ciparu, bet gan, redzot un zinot tie\u0161i, kas notiek attiec\u012bgaj\u0101 nozar\u0113, un rea\u0123\u0113jot nekav\u0113joties, tiek pan\u0101kts vajadz\u012bgais rezult\u0101ts. Visvair\u0101k ba\u017e\u012bjos par to, ka priek\u0161v\u0113l\u0113\u0161anu situ\u0101cij\u0101 ar\u012b l\u0113mumus pie\u0146em, vadoties no iesp\u0113jamajiem n\u0101kamo v\u0113l\u0113\u0161anu rezult\u0101tiem. T\u0101l\u0101k sekos ilgsto\u0161a jaun\u0101s vald\u012bbas veido\u0161ana un jauno ministru apm\u0101c\u012bbas process, kas atkal ne\u013caus operat\u012bvi un prec\u012bzi pie\u0146emt l\u0113mumus atbilsto\u0161i situ\u0101cijai. <\/p>\n

\u0145emot v\u0113r\u0101 \u0123eopolitisk\u0101s pretst\u0101v\u0113\u0161anas raksturu un iesp\u0113jamo ilgumu, k\u0101 ar\u012b gaid\u0101mo sankciju att\u012bst\u012bbas negat\u012bvo spir\u0101li, vald\u012bbai nepiecie\u0161ams nekav\u0113joties izveidot kr\u012bzes centru, p\u0101rgrup\u0113jot vado\u0161os ekspertus no ministrij\u0101m tie\u0161\u0101 premjera pak\u013caut\u012bb\u0101 ikdienas vai vismaz ikned\u0113\u013cas situ\u0101cijas anal\u012bzei un kr\u012bzes p\u0101rvar\u0113\u0161anas l\u0113mumu operat\u012bvai gatavo\u0161anai. Protams, iesp\u0113jami ar\u012b citi risin\u0101jumi. Nedr\u012bkst tikai vienu \u2013 gaid\u012bt, ka k\u0101ds cits m\u016bsu probl\u0113mas atrisin\u0101s m\u016bsu viet\u0101 vai t\u0101s atrisin\u0101sies pa\u0161as no sevis.<\/p>\n

AUTORS: Valdis Birkavs, biedr\u012bbas B\u016bvniec\u012bbas att\u012bst\u012bbas strat\u0113\u0123isk\u0101 partner\u012bba valdes priek\u0161s\u0113d\u0113t\u0101js<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0122eopolitisk\u0101 sasp\u012bl\u0113juma ietekm\u0113 Krievijas noteikto ekonomisko sankciju sekas uz Latvijas ekonomiku var rad\u012bt ilgsto\u0161u ekonomikas stagn\u0101ciju vai recesiju. Sankcijas un embargo noz\u012bm\u0113 atk\u0101p\u0161anos no tirgus ekonomikas pamatpostul\u0101tiem: br\u012bvas pre\u010du kust\u012bbas un konkurences.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zurnalsiepirkumi.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4147"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zurnalsiepirkumi.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zurnalsiepirkumi.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zurnalsiepirkumi.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zurnalsiepirkumi.lv\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4147"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/zurnalsiepirkumi.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4147\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4275,"href":"https:\/\/zurnalsiepirkumi.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4147\/revisions\/4275"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zurnalsiepirkumi.lv\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4147"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zurnalsiepirkumi.lv\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4147"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zurnalsiepirkumi.lv\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4147"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}