{"id":3390,"date":"2014-01-30T11:54:26","date_gmt":"2014-01-30T09:54:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zurnalsiepirkumi.lv\/?p=3390"},"modified":"2014-09-09T08:34:14","modified_gmt":"2014-09-09T06:34:14","slug":"eis-efektivitate","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zurnalsiepirkumi.lv\/?p=3390","title":{"rendered":"EIS efektivit\u0101te"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u0160is raksts ir tapis k\u0101 atbilde uz \u017eurn\u0101la 10. numur\u0101 public\u0113to rakstu <em>Publisko iepirkumu centraliz\u0101cija Latvij\u0101,<\/em> kur\u0101 autore Ilona Jakubsone nor\u0101d\u012bjusi uz Ministru kabinetam sagatavotajos informat\u012bvajos zi\u0146ojumos EIS efektivit\u0101tes r\u0101d\u012bt\u0101ju pamatojo\u0161u apr\u0113\u0137inu nepieejam\u012bbu. J\u0101paskaidro, ka informat\u012bvajos zi\u0146ojumos k\u0101 augst\u0101k\u0101 l\u012bme\u0146a vad\u012bbas dokumentos ir ietverti tikai secin\u0101jumi, tom\u0113r EIS efektivit\u0101tes apr\u0113\u0137ina metodika nav nek\u0101ds nosl\u0113pums un b\u016btu izsniegta jebkurai personai, kura to piepras\u012btu, bet pagaid\u0101m VRAA nav sa\u0146emts neviens piepras\u012bjums. Tom\u0113r, \u0146emot v\u0113r\u0101, ka metodika nav slepena, k\u0101 ar\u012b to, ka t\u0101s publisko\u0161ana var veicin\u0101t diskusiju, kas var\u0113tu novest pie metodikas pilnveido\u0161anas, m\u0113s publiskojam to. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>J\u0101uzsver, ka EIS darb\u012bbas efektivit\u0101tes m\u0113r\u012b\u0161anu veic no VRAA Elektronisko iepirkumu departamenta (strukt\u016brvien\u012bba, kura ir atbild\u012bga par EIS darb\u012bbu) neatkar\u012bga VRAA strukt\u016brvien\u012bba \u2013 Sadarb\u012bbas un inform\u0101cijas departaments \u2012, kur\u0161 l\u012bdztekus cit\u0101m funkcij\u0101m veic ar\u012b da\u017e\u0101dus p\u0113t\u012bjumus. T\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di apr\u0113\u0137inu veic\u0113ja rezultat\u012bvie r\u0101d\u012bt\u0101ji nav atkar\u012bgi no apr\u0113\u0137inu rezult\u0101tiem, kas nodro\u0161ina p\u0113t\u012bjuma veic\u0113ja neieinteres\u0113t\u012bbu p\u0113t\u012bjumu rezult\u0101tos.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0113t\u012bjuma veik\u0161ana, kura notiek divas reizes gad\u0101, s\u0101kas ar attiec\u012bg\u0101 perioda apgroz\u012bjuma datu apkopo\u0161anu pa poz\u012bciju numuriem un prec\u0113m. EIS eso\u0161o pre\u010du nomenklat\u016bra aptver \u013coti lielu pre\u010du da\u017e\u0101d\u012bbu, un inform\u0101cijas ieguve un apkopo\u0161ana par vis\u0101m \u0161\u012bm pre\u010du poz\u012bcij\u0101m ir nesam\u0113r\u012bgi darbietilp\u012bga, t\u0101p\u0113c nov\u0113rt\u0113jumam tiek izv\u0113l\u0113ta izlases metode, nosakot, ka nov\u0113rt\u0113juma rezult\u0101tam tiek piepras\u012bta precizit\u0101te \u00b1 10 % (pie 95 % ticam\u012bbas l\u012bme\u0146a). L\u012bdz ar to tiek izveidota gad\u012bjuma rakstura izlase t\u0101d\u0101 apjom\u0101, kas nodro\u0161ina iepriek\u0161 min\u0113to pras\u012bbu izpildi. Piem\u0113ram, p\u0113d\u0113jo reizi apkopojot EIS apgroz\u012bjumu datus par periodu no 2013. gada 1. apr\u012b\u013ca l\u012bdz 30. septembrim, tika konstat\u0113ts, ka EIS ir uzkr\u0101ti 84\u00a0468 unik\u0101lie ieraksti par sist\u0113m\u0101 veiktiem pirkumiem, kas ietver 8 868 da\u017e\u0101das preces, kas atbilst 32 katalogiem. Kopum\u0101 \u0161o se\u0161u m\u0113ne\u0161u apgroz\u012bjums sist\u0113m\u0101 bija 7 993 805 lati ar PVN. Lai nodro\u0161in\u0101tu v\u0113rt\u0113juma precizit\u0101ti +\/-10 % (pie 95 % ticam\u012bbas l\u012bme\u0146a), no kop\u0113j\u0101 pre\u010du saraksta ar gad\u012bjuma skait\u013cu \u0123eneratora pal\u012bdz\u012bbu tika atlas\u012btas 95 preces, kas ir minim\u0101lais statistiski nepiecie\u0161amais apjoms. \u0160\u012bs preces proporcion\u0101li p\u0101rst\u0101v\u0113ja 15 pre\u010du skaita zi\u0146\u0101 apjom\u012bg\u0101kos katalogus.<br \/>\n<!--more--><br \/>\nPar katru kop\u0113j\u0101 izlas\u0113 iek\u013cauto preci tika ieg\u016bta \u0161\u0101da inform\u0101cija:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>preces p\u0101rdo\u0161anas cena EIS 2013. gada oktobra pirmaj\u0101 ned\u0113\u013c\u0101;<\/li>\n<li>preces p\u0101rdo\u0161anas apjoms (vien\u012bbu skaits) nov\u0113rt\u0113juma period\u0101;<\/li>\n<li>preces p\u0101rdo\u0161anas apgroz\u012bjums (Ls) nov\u0113rt\u0113juma period\u0101.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>No iepriek\u0161 min\u0113tajiem datiem (sadalot apgroz\u012bjumu ar p\u0101rdoto vien\u012bbu skaitu) tiek ieg\u016bta preces vid\u0113j\u0101 p\u0101rdo\u0161anas cena EIS nov\u0113rt\u0113juma period\u0101.<\/p>\n<p>Vienlaikus tiek mekl\u0113ta preces p\u0101rdo\u0161anas iesp\u0113jami l\u0113t\u0101k\u0101 pied\u0101v\u0101juma cena iepirkumam \u0101rpus sist\u0113mas 2013. gada oktobra pirmaj\u0101 ned\u0113\u013c\u0101. Lai noskaidrotu cenas, k\u0101das izlas\u0113s iek\u013cautaj\u0101m prec\u0113m ir pieejamas iepirkumiem \u0101rpus sist\u0113mas, tiek veikta publiski pieejamo vairumtirgot\u0101ju cenu lapu izp\u0113te internet\u0101. Katr\u0101 pre\u010du grup\u0101 tiek apsekotas 3\u20135 liel\u0101ko specializ\u0113to vairumtirgot\u0101ju cenu lapas (datu b\u0101zes), izv\u0113loties zem\u0101ko pieejamo cenu. K\u0101 piem\u0113ru var min\u0113t da\u017eas p\u0113d\u0113j\u0101 p\u0113t\u012bjum\u0101 izmantot\u0101s cenu lapas:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<a href=\"www.sanitex.lv\">www.sanitex.lv<\/a>;<br \/>\n<a href=\"www.medicinaspreces.lv\">www.medicinaspreces.lv<\/a>;<br \/>\n<a href=\"www.rimpex.lv\">www.rimpex.lv<\/a>;<br \/>\n<a href=\"www.markit.lv\">www.markit.lv<\/a>;<br \/>\n<a href=\"www.prana-ko.lv\">www.prana-ko.lv<\/a>.<\/ul>\n<p>Atsevi\u0161\u0137os gad\u012bjumos tika izmantotas attiec\u012bg\u0101s preces ra\u017eot\u0101ja vairumtirdzniec\u012bbas pied\u0101v\u0101juma cenas (ja \u0161\u0101ds pied\u0101v\u0101jums past\u0101v un ja attiec\u012bg\u0101 prece nebija atrodama vairumtirgot\u0101ju katalogos). <\/p>\n<p>Katrai precei tika apr\u0113\u0137in\u0101ta <em>cenu diference<\/em> \u2013 starp\u012bba starp EIS 2013. gada oktobra pirm\u0101s ned\u0113\u013cas cen\u0101m un iepriek\u0161 aprakst\u012btaj\u0101 veid\u0101 konstat\u0113to l\u0113t\u0101ko vairumtirdzniec\u012bbas pied\u0101v\u0101juma cenu (turpm\u0101k \u2012 \u0101r\u0113j\u0101 pied\u0101v\u0101juma cena). Katra cenu diference tika attiecin\u0101ta k\u0101 attiec\u012bba pret \u0101r\u0113j\u0101 pied\u0101v\u0101juma cenu, kura ir izteikta procentos.<\/p>\n<p>T\u0101l\u0101k tiek konstat\u0113ts, k\u0101ds ir procentos izteikt\u0101s cenu diferences bie\u017eums jeb cik reizes katrs no procentu\u0101lajiem ietaup\u012bjumiem ir konstat\u0113ts attiec\u012bgaj\u0101 nov\u0113rojum\u0101. Bie\u017ei vien turpm\u0101kajai anal\u012bzei to att\u0113lo grafiski. Iepriek\u0161 min\u0113tajam nov\u0113rt\u0113jumam grafiskais att\u0113lojums ir \u0161\u0101ds (sk. sarkano l\u012bnijdiagrammu):<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/zurnalsiepirkumi.lv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/1aa.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/zurnalsiepirkumi.lv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/1aa.png\" alt=\"1aa\" width=\"630\" height=\"410\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zurnalsiepirkumi.lv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/1aa.png 630w, https:\/\/zurnalsiepirkumi.lv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/1aa-336x218.png 336w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 630px) 100vw, 630px\" \/><\/a><br \/>\n<em>1. att\u0113ls.<\/em> Relat\u012bvo cenu at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bbu bie\u017euma sadal\u012bjums gad\u012bjuma rakstura izlas\u0113, kas veidota no p\u0101rskata period\u0101 elektroniskaj\u0101 iepirkumu sist\u0113m\u0101 (EIS) faktiski p\u0101rdoto pre\u010du saraksta. At\u0161\u0137ir\u012bbas izteiktas procentos no EIS cenas; pozit\u012bv\u0101s v\u0113rt\u012bbas att\u0113lo gad\u012bjumus, kur EIS cenas ir izdev\u012bg\u0101kas par \u0101r\u0113j\u0101 tirgus cen\u0101m, negat\u012bv\u0101s v\u0113rt\u012bbas \u2013 tos, kur EIS cenas ir neizdev\u012bg\u0101kas.<br \/>\nNep\u0101rtraukt\u0101 l\u012bnija \u2013 apr\u0113\u0137iniem izmantot\u0101 tuvin\u0101juma funkcija.<\/p>\n<p>L\u012bdz\u012bgi iepriek\u0161\u0113jiem nov\u0113rt\u0113jumiem cenu diferen\u010du bie\u017euma sadal\u012bjumi ir izteikti asimetriski. Konkr\u0113taj\u0101 gad\u012bjum\u0101 asimetrijas ietekmes nov\u0113r\u0161anai cenu diferen\u010du anal\u012bz\u0113 tika lietots logaritmiski norm\u0101lais sadal\u012bjums, kas ar\u012b tiek att\u0113lots grafik\u0101 (sk. zilo l\u012bniju).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/zurnalsiepirkumi.lv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/2aa.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/zurnalsiepirkumi.lv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/2aa.png\" alt=\"2aa\" width=\"630\" height=\"414\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3401\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zurnalsiepirkumi.lv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/2aa.png 630w, https:\/\/zurnalsiepirkumi.lv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/2aa-336x220.png 336w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 630px) 100vw, 630px\" \/><\/a><br \/>\n<em>2. att\u0113ls.<\/em> Kumulat\u012bvais att\u0113lojuma grafiks pirmaj\u0101 att\u0113l\u0101 par\u0101d\u012btajam bie\u017euma sadal\u012bjumam. Nep\u0101rtraukt\u0101 l\u012bnija \u2013 apr\u0113\u0137iniem izmantot\u0101 tuvin\u0101juma funkcija.<\/p>\n<p>No iepriek\u0161\u0113j\u0101 grafika nav ac\u012bmredzams, ka logaritmiski norm\u0101lais sadal\u012bjums uzskat\u0101mi atspogu\u013co nov\u0113rt\u0113jumu. Prec\u012bza sadal\u012bjuma veida atbilst\u012bba cenu referen\u010du bie\u017euma l\u012bknei ir redzama gad\u012bjum\u0101, ja tiek att\u0113lots kumulat\u012bvais r\u0101d\u012bt\u0101js:<\/p>\n<p>Lai nov\u0113rstu logaritmisk\u0101s transform\u0101cijas potenci\u0101lo ietekmi uz rezult\u0101tu, netiek izmantota vid\u0113j\u0101 aritm\u0113tisk\u0101 v\u0113rt\u012bba, kas p\u0101rlieku akcent\u0113 <em>artefaktu<\/em> noz\u012bmi uz rezult\u0101tu, t\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di m\u0101ksl\u012bgi paaugstinot EIS efektivit\u0101tes nov\u0113rt\u0113jumu. Centr\u0101l\u0101s tendences nov\u0113rt\u0113\u0161anai vid\u0113jo (aritm\u0113tisko) v\u0113rt\u012bbu viet\u0101 tika apr\u0113\u0137in\u0101ta sadal\u012bjuma medi\u0101na, kas konkr\u0113taj\u0101 gad\u012bjum\u0101 ir 20,1. J\u0101piebilst, ka visu iepriek\u0161 veikto nov\u0113rt\u0113jumu r\u0101d\u012bt\u0101ji sv\u0101rst\u0101s ap 20 %. Savuk\u0101rt maz\u0101kais VRAA veiktajos EIS darb\u012bbas efektivit\u0101tes p\u0113t\u012bjumos konstat\u0113tais nov\u0113rt\u0113jums bija 18,3 %.<\/p>\n<p>\u0145emot v\u0113r\u0101 iepriek\u0161 min\u0113tos EIS darb\u012bbas efektivit\u0101tes apr\u0113\u0137ina nosac\u012bjumus ar 95 % ticam\u012bbu var apgalvot, ka ekonomijas centr\u0101lais nov\u0113rt\u0113jums ir 1\u00a0606\u00a0754,81 (+\/-10 %) lati jeb, \u0146emot v\u0113r\u0101 precizit\u0101ti EIS izmanto\u0161anas rezult\u0101t\u0101, nodro\u0161in\u0101t\u0101 resursu ekonomija ir no 1\u00a0446\u00a0079,33 l\u012bdz 1\u00a0767\u00a0430,29 latiem.  <\/p>\n<p>J\u0101uzsver, ka iepriek\u0161 min\u0113tais nov\u0113rt\u0113jums ne\u0146em v\u0113r\u0101 divus svar\u012bgus EIS darb\u012bbas aspektus:<\/p>\n<ul>\n1. apr\u0113\u0137inos izmantot\u0101s EIS cenas ietver pieg\u0101des izdevumus uz pas\u016bt\u012bt\u0101ja nor\u0101d\u012bto adresi, savuk\u0101rt \u0101r\u0113j\u0101 pied\u0101v\u0101juma cenai netiek analiz\u0113ti pieg\u0101des izdevumi jeb tiek izmantota publiski pieejam\u0101 cena neatkar\u012bgi no t\u0101, vai taj\u0101 ir vai nav iek\u013cauti pieg\u0101des izdevumi (vairum\u0101 gad\u012bjumu pieg\u0101des izdevumi ir nosak\u0101mi atsevi\u0161\u0137i);<br \/>\n2. apr\u0113\u0137inos nav \u0146emts v\u0113r\u0101 administrat\u012bvo izmaksu samazin\u0101jums, kur\u0161 veidojas no iepirkuma proced\u016bru vienk\u0101r\u0161o\u0161anas un iepirkumu veik\u0161anai nepiecie\u0161am\u0101 laika samazin\u0101\u0161anas sist\u0113mas lietot\u0101jiem.<\/ul>\n<p>T\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di re\u0101l\u0101 EIS darb\u012bbas efektivit\u0101te (\u0146emot v\u0113ra iepriek\u0161 min\u0113tos aspektus) ir v\u0113l liel\u0101ka.<\/p>\n<p>No visa iepriek\u0161 min\u0113t\u0101 var izdar\u012bt \u0161\u0101du secin\u0101jumu \u2013 kopum\u0101 EIS ir efekt\u012bvs iepirkumu atbalsta r\u012bks, bet t\u0101pat k\u0101 jebkur\u0161 instruments, viena pas\u016bt\u012bt\u0101ja rok\u0101s tas var\u0113tu nodro\u0161in\u0101t efektivit\u0101ti virs vid\u0113j\u0101 apr\u0113\u0137in\u0101t\u0101 efektivit\u0101tes l\u012bme\u0146a, savuk\u0101rt citam pas\u016bt\u012bt\u0101jam tas var\u0113tu pat nesasniegt vid\u0113jo efektivit\u0101tes l\u012bmeni. Katra konkr\u0113ta pirc\u0113ja EIS lieto\u0161anas efektivit\u0101te ir atkar\u012bga no vair\u0101kiem faktoriem, no kuriem svar\u012bg\u0101kie ir \u0161\u0101di:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>pas\u016bt\u012bt\u0101ja izmantotie katalogi (oblig\u0101tajos katalogos ietaup\u012bjuma l\u012bmenis ir liel\u0101ks);<\/li>\n<li>pas\u016bt\u012bto pre\u010du kl\u0101sts (bie\u017e\u0101k pas\u016bt\u0101maj\u0101m prec\u0113m ir iesp\u0113jams liel\u0101ks ietaup\u012bjums);<\/li>\n<li>viena pas\u016bt\u012bjuma apjoms (veicot pas\u016bt\u012bjumu nedaudz virs katalogiem noteikt\u0101 viena pas\u016bt\u012bjuma minim\u0101l\u0101 l\u012bme\u0146a bie\u017ei vien neizdodas sa\u0146emt tik izdev\u012bgas cenas k\u0101, pas\u016btot preces par summu, kura 2\u20123 reizes p\u0101rsniedz to);<\/li>\n<li>pas\u016bt\u012bt\u0101ja dele\u0123\u0113t\u0101 iepirc\u0113ja pieredze un kompetence (pieredz\u0113ju\u0161ie pas\u016bt\u012bjumu veic\u0113ji atlas\u012bs t\u0101das preces, kuras vislab\u0101k apmierin\u0101s pas\u016bt\u012bt\u0101ja vajadz\u012bbas, k\u0101 ar\u012b nepas\u016bt\u012bs t\u0101das preces, kuru cena ir augst\u0101ka par vid\u0113jo tirgus pied\u0101v\u0101jumu);<\/li>\n<li>konkurence e-katalogos attiec\u012bgaj\u0101 Latvijas re\u0123ion\u0101 (jo vair\u0101k re\u0123ion\u0101lo uz\u0146\u0113m\u0113ju piedal\u012bsies VRAA r\u012bkotaj\u0101 iepirkumu proced\u016br\u0101s un k\u013c\u016bs par EIS pieg\u0101d\u0101t\u0101jiem, jo attiec\u012bgi liel\u0101ks ieguvums b\u016bs pirc\u0113jiem). <\/ul>\n<p>Patlaban jau ir vair\u0101ki pozit\u012bvi re\u0123ion\u0101lo uz\u0146\u0113m\u0113ju darb\u012bbas piem\u0113ri EIS. Tas ir ar\u012b katras pa\u0161vald\u012bbas uzdevums \u2013 inform\u0113t un mudin\u0101t savus viet\u0113jos uz\u0146\u0113m\u0113jus b\u016bt akt\u012bviem, lai EIS pieg\u0101d\u0101t\u0101ji b\u016btu ne tikai lielie vairumtirgot\u0101ji, kas apkalpo visu Latviju, bet ar\u012b katra re\u0123iona viet\u0113jie uz\u0146\u0113m\u0113ji.<\/li>\n<p><em>Teksts:<br \/>\nO\u013cegs Fi\u013cipovi\u010ds \u2012 VRAA Elektronisko iepirkumu departamenta direktors<br \/>\nElita K\u013cavi\u0146a \u2012 VRAA Elektronisko iepirkumu departamenta direktora vietniece<br \/>\nJ\u0101nis Bru\u0146inieks \u2012 VRAA Sadarb\u012bbas un inform\u0101cijas departamenta vado\u0161ais p\u0113tnieks<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0160is raksts ir tapis k\u0101 atbilde uz \u017eurn\u0101la 10. numur\u0101 public\u0113to rakstu Publisko iepirkumu centraliz\u0101cija Latvij\u0101, kur\u0101 autore Ilona Jakubsone nor\u0101d\u012bjusi uz Ministru kabinetam sagatavotajos informat\u012bvajos zi\u0146ojumos EIS efektivit\u0101tes r\u0101d\u012bt\u0101ju pamatojo\u0161u apr\u0113\u0137inu nepieejam\u012bbu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zurnalsiepirkumi.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3390"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zurnalsiepirkumi.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zurnalsiepirkumi.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zurnalsiepirkumi.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zurnalsiepirkumi.lv\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3390"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/zurnalsiepirkumi.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3390\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4328,"href":"https:\/\/zurnalsiepirkumi.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3390\/revisions\/4328"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zurnalsiepirkumi.lv\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3390"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zurnalsiepirkumi.lv\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3390"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zurnalsiepirkumi.lv\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3390"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}