{"id":23243,"date":"2024-04-02T07:40:30","date_gmt":"2024-04-02T05:40:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zurnalsiepirkumi.lv\/?p=23243"},"modified":"2024-04-02T08:03:04","modified_gmt":"2024-04-02T06:03:04","slug":"konkreta-tirgus-definesana-jaunumi-un-izaicinajumi-konkurences-tiesibas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zurnalsiepirkumi.lv\/?p=23243","title":{"rendered":"Konkr\u0113t\u0101 tirgus defin\u0113\u0161ana: jaunumi un izaicin\u0101jumi konkurences ties\u012bb\u0101s"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Tirgus defin\u0113\u0161ana ir viens no pirmajiem un svar\u012bg\u0101kajiem so\u013ciem, v\u0113rt\u0113jot uz\u0146\u0113muma r\u012bc\u012bbas atbilst\u012bbu konkurences ties\u012bb\u0101m. Lai veicin\u0101tu \u0161\u012b procesa caurredzam\u012bbu un tiesisko noteikt\u012bbu, Eiropas Komisija (EK) ir atjaunojusi&nbsp;<em>Pazi\u0146ojumu par<\/em>&nbsp;<em>j\u0113dziena \u201ckonkr\u0113tais tirgus\u201d defin\u012bciju Kopienas konkurences ties\u012bb\u0101s,&nbsp;<\/em>sauktu ar\u012b par<em>&nbsp;<\/em>Konkr\u0113t\u0101 tirgus defin\u0113\u0161anas pazi\u0146ojumu, kuru sav\u0101 l\u0113mumu pie\u0146em\u0161anas proces\u0101 izmanto ne vien EK, bet ar\u012b tiesas un nacion\u0101l\u0101s konkurences iest\u0101des, tostarp Konkurences padome (KP).&nbsp;Iev\u0113rojami papla\u0161in\u0101tais Konkr\u0113t\u0101 tirgus defin\u0113\u0161anas pazi\u0146ojums ne vien papildina iepriek\u0161 jau labi zin\u0101mos tirgus defin\u0113\u0161anas instrumentus, bet ar\u012b iek\u013cauj iepriek\u0161 nebiju\u0161as tirgus defin\u0113\u0161anas metodes, atspogu\u013cojot arvien vair\u0101k savstarp\u0113ji saist\u012bto, globaliz\u0113to, dinamisko ekonomiku un digit\u0101lo platformu lomu taj\u0101. \u0160aj\u0101 rakst\u0101 tiks sniegts \u012bss apkopojums par tirgus defin\u012bcijas noz\u012bmi konkurences ties\u012bb\u0101s, iepriek\u0161\u0113j\u0101 Konkr\u0113t\u0101 tirgus defin\u0113\u0161anas pazi\u0146ojuma nov\u0113rt\u0113jumu, k\u0101 ar\u012b p\u0101rskat\u012btas atjaunotaj\u0101 pazi\u0146ojum\u0101 ieviest\u0101s izmai\u0146as, \u012bpa\u0161u uzman\u012bbu veltot jaunaj\u0101m noda\u013c\u0101m tirgus noteik\u0161anai \u012bpa\u0161os apst\u0101k\u013cos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00ad\u00ad<a href=\"https:\/\/competition-policy.ec.europa.eu\/document\/26c374a4-dd03-4a91-a938-0c73ce2dce6a_en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">2024. gada 8. febru\u0101r\u012b Komisija pie\u0146\u0113ma Pazi\u0146ojuma atjaunoto versiju<\/a>&nbsp;(atjaunotais pazi\u0146ojums), papla\u0161inot 1997. gad\u0101 pie\u0146emto skaidrojumu par tirgus defin\u0113\u0161anas pamatprincipiem, galvenajiem krit\u0113rijiem un pier\u0101d\u012bjumiem, kurus izmantot defin\u0113jot konkr\u0113tos tirgus, k\u0101 ar\u012b iek\u013caujot jaunus apsv\u0113rumus tirgus da\u013cu apr\u0113\u0137in\u0101\u0161anai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vienota pieeja konkr\u0113t\u0101 tirgus defin\u0113\u0161anai konkurences ties\u012bb\u0101s ir \u013coti svar\u012bga, lai nodro\u0161in\u0101tu skaidr\u012bbu un veiktu efekt\u012bvu tirgus uzved\u012bbas nov\u0113rt\u0113\u0161anu. Defin\u0113jot konkr\u0113to tirgu, ti\u00ad\u00ad\u00ad\u00ad\u00adek iez\u012bm\u0113tas robe\u017eas, kur\u0101s notiek konkurence, un atkar\u012bb\u0101 no t\u0101, cik pla\u0161i tiek defin\u0113ts tirgus, attiec\u012bgi main\u0101s uz\u0146\u0113muma tirgus da\u013ca taj\u0101. T\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di konkr\u0113t\u0101 tirgus defin\u0113\u0161ana ir noz\u012bm\u012bga gan apvieno\u0161an\u0101s liet\u0101s, gan Konkurences likuma (KL) iesp\u0113jamo p\u0101rk\u0101pumu liet\u0101s, kur konkr\u0113t\u0101 tirgus pareizai noteik\u0161anai var b\u016bt iz\u0161\u0137iro\u0161a noz\u012bme KL p\u0101rk\u0101puma konstat\u0113\u0161an\u0101. T\u0101pat konkr\u0113t\u0101 tirgus noteik\u0161anai ir b\u016btiska loma, veicot tirgus uzraudz\u012bbas, kas ir padzi\u013cin\u0101ta konkurences situ\u0101cijas anal\u012bze k\u0101d\u0101 konkr\u0113t\u0101 tirg\u016b un kuras prim\u0101rais m\u0113r\u0137is ir noskaidrot, vai konkr\u0113taj\u0101 tirg\u016b nepast\u0101v KL p\u0101rk\u0101pumu paz\u012bmes vai citi faktori, kas kav\u0113 veiksm\u012bgu konkurences att\u012bst\u012bbu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Ce\u013c\u0161 l\u012bdz jaunajam pazi\u0146ojumam<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Atjaunotaj\u0101 pazi\u0146ojum\u0101 iek\u013caut\u0101s izmai\u0146as liecina, ka, iesp\u0113jams, tie\u0161i digit\u0101l\u0101 tirgus att\u012bst\u012bba ir veicin\u0101jusi nepiecie\u0161am\u012bbu p\u0113c izmai\u0146\u0101m l\u012bdz\u0161in\u0113j\u0101 praks\u0113 nosakot konkr\u0113to tirgu.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/competition-policy.ec.europa.eu\/public-consultations\/2020-market-definition-notice_en#evaluation-results\">V\u0113rt\u0113jot pazi\u0146ojuma 1997. gada versiju<\/a>, EK secin\u0101ja, ka \u0161is pazi\u0146ojums v\u0113l joproj\u0101m ir \u013coti svar\u012bgs un aktu\u0101ls dokuments, kur\u0161 nodro\u0161ina skaidr\u012bbu un noteikt\u012bbu uz\u0146\u0113mumiem un cit\u0101m ieinteres\u0113taj\u0101m person\u0101m attiec\u012bb\u0101 uz konkurences iest\u0101\u017eu pieeju tirgus defin\u0113\u0161an\u0101. Taj\u0101 pa\u0161\u0101 laik\u0101, pazi\u0146ojuma nov\u0113rt\u0113jum\u0101 tiek nor\u0101d\u012btas vair\u0101kas nepiln\u012bbas l\u012bdz\u0161in\u0113j\u0101 tirgus defin\u0113\u0161anas metodik\u0101, kas saist\u012btas ar izaicin\u0101jumiem piem\u0113rot to 21. gadsimta dinamiskajai ekonomikai. \u0145emot v\u0113r\u0101 \u0161os ieteikumus, dokuments tiek papildin\u0101ts ar skaidrojumu par SSNIP&nbsp;<em>(Neliela, bet iev\u0113rojama un palieko\u0161a cenu paaugstin\u0101\u0161ana)<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kp.gov.lv\/lv\/jaunums\/konkreta-tirgus-definesana-jaunumi-un-izaicinajumi-konkurences-tiesibas#_ftn1\"><strong><sup><a href=\"#fn1\" id=\"ref1\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/strong><\/a><\/sup><\/em>&nbsp;un t\u0101 alternat\u012bv\u0101m, it sevi\u0161\u0137i, ja produkts tiek pied\u0101v\u0101ts par br\u012bvu. Atjaunot\u0101 pazi\u0146ojuma versija \u012bpa\u0161i piev\u0113r\u0161as ne vien j\u0113dzieniem saist\u012bb\u0101 ar digit\u0101lajiem tirgiem, aprakstot&nbsp;<em>\u201cdigit\u0101l\u0101s ekosist\u0113mas<\/em>\u201d un saist\u012btos tirgus vai produktus, bet ar\u012b v\u0113r\u0161 uzman\u012bbu citiem m\u016bsdienu ekonomiku raksturojo\u0161iem elementiem, piem\u0113ram, globaliz\u0101cijas, importa un strauju inov\u0101ciju ietekmei uz konkr\u0113t\u0101 tirgus defin\u012bciju.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Atjaunotais pazi\u0146ojums ir iev\u0113rojami apjom\u012bg\u0101ks nek\u0101 1997. pazi\u0146ojuma versija. T\u0101 pirmaj\u0101 un otraj\u0101 noda\u013c\u0101 aprakst\u012bti dokumenta m\u0113r\u0137i, visp\u0101r\u012bgie tirgus defin\u0113\u0161anas principi, un produktu tirgu defin\u0113\u0161anas metodika, tai skait\u0101, piepras\u012bjuma un pied\u0101v\u0101juma aizst\u0101jam\u012bba. Pati apjom\u012bg\u0101k\u0101 noda\u013ca atjaunotaj\u0101 pazi\u0146ojum\u0101 ir tre\u0161\u0101 noda\u013ca, kur\u0101 detaliz\u0113ti tiek izkl\u0101st\u012bts tirgu defin\u0113\u0161anas process un l\u012bdz\u0161in\u0113j\u0101 prakse, \u0161aj\u0101 noda\u013c\u0101 aprakst\u012bta pier\u0101d\u012bjumu izmanto\u0161ana, SSNIP krit\u0113rija piem\u0113ro\u0161ana, pieg\u0101des \u0137\u0113des noz\u012bme tirgu defin\u0113\u0161an\u0101, da\u017e\u0101du \u0161\u0137\u0113r\u0161\u013cu nov\u0113rt\u0113\u0161ana \u0123eogr\u0101fisk\u0101 tirgus noteik\u0161an\u0101, tirdzniec\u012bbu pl\u016bsmu noz\u012bme, k\u0101 ar\u012b vair\u0101ki citi faktori tirgus defin\u0113\u0161anas proces\u0101. Atjaunotaj\u0101 pazi\u0146ojum\u0101 ietvertas ar\u012b iepriek\u0161 nebiju\u0161as t\u0113mas, piem\u0113ram, tiek \u012bpa\u0161i izcelti gad\u012bjumi konkr\u0113t\u0101 tirgus defin\u0113\u0161an\u0101 produktiem digit\u0101lajos tirgos, k\u0101 ar\u012b produktiem, kuri atrodas p\u0113tniec\u012bbas un izstr\u0101des stadij\u0101, un &nbsp;t\u0101diem produktiem, kuri savu \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbu d\u0113\u013c ir \u012bpa\u0161i diferenc\u0113jami no p\u0101r\u0113jiem. Tikm\u0113r p\u0113d\u0113j\u0101 noda\u013ca atjaunotaj\u0101 pazi\u0146ojum\u0101 apraksta tirgus da\u013cu apr\u0113\u0137in\u0101\u0161anas metodiku, kas iepriek\u0161 nav bijusi iek\u013cauta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Pazi\u0146ojuma piem\u0113ro\u0161ana 21. gadsimta ekonomikai<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong><em>Tirgus defin\u0113\u0161ana digit\u0101laj\u0101 tirg\u016b: daudzpus\u0113jas platformas un digit\u0101las ekosist\u0113mas<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>2019. gad\u0101&nbsp;digit\u0101l\u0101s ekonomikas \u012bpatsvars sasniedza 4,5 %&nbsp;\u2013&nbsp;15,5 % no pasaules IKP,<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kp.gov.lv\/lv\/jaunums\/konkreta-tirgus-definesana-jaunumi-un-izaicinajumi-konkurences-tiesibas#_ftn1\"><sup><\/sup><\/a><a href=\"#fn1\" id=\"ref1\">[2]<\/a><\/sup>&nbsp;turkl\u0101t tendences nor\u0101da, ka digit\u0101l\u0101s ekonomikas apm\u0113ri turpina pieaugt un digit\u0101lajos tirgos tiek nov\u0113rota liela ekonomisk\u0101s varas koncentr\u0101cija, kas saist\u012bta ar t\u012bkla efektu<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kp.gov.lv\/lv\/jaunums\/konkreta-tirgus-definesana-jaunumi-un-izaicinajumi-konkurences-tiesibas#_ftn2\"><sup><\/sup><\/a><a href=\"#fn1\" id=\"ref1\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>&nbsp;un pied\u0101v\u0101to produktu cie\u0161u sasaisti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Daudzpus\u0113ju platformu kontekst\u0101 liela noz\u012bme ir netie\u0161ajam t\u012bkla efektam, kad vienai lietot\u0101ju grupai samazinoties, samazin\u0101s ar\u012b otra un&nbsp;<em>vice versa.<\/em>&nbsp;Atjaunotaj\u0101 pazi\u0146ojum\u0101 tiek skaidrots, ka konkr\u0113to produktu tirgu iesp\u0113jams defin\u0113t attiec\u012bb\u0101 uz visiem platformas pied\u0101v\u0101tajiem produktiem kopum\u0101 t\u0101, ka tas aptver visas (vai vair\u0101kas) lietot\u0101ju grupas vai ar\u012b var defin\u0113t atsevi\u0161\u0137us (lai gan savstarp\u0113ji saist\u012btus) konkr\u0113tos produktu tirgus attiec\u012bb\u0101 uz produktiem, kas tiek pied\u0101v\u0101ti katr\u0101 platformas pus\u0113. Citiem v\u0101rdiem sakot, tiek noteikts vai tirgus ir uzskat\u0101ms par vienotu sist\u0113mu vai ar\u012b platforma sast\u0101v no vair\u0101kiem atsevi\u0161\u0137iem tirgiem. Detaliz\u0113t\u0101k ar parametriem, un faktoriem, k\u0101dus nepiecie\u0161ams nov\u0113rt\u0113t, iesp\u0113jams iepaz\u012bties atjaunot\u0101 pazi\u0146ojuma noda\u013c\u0101&nbsp;<em>4.4.Tirgu defin\u0113\u0161ana daudzpus\u0113ju platformu gad\u012bjum\u0101<\/em>.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kp.gov.lv\/lv\/jaunums\/konkreta-tirgus-definesana-jaunumi-un-izaicinajumi-konkurences-tiesibas#_ftn3\"><sup><\/sup><\/a><a href=\"#fn1\" id=\"ref1\">[4]<\/a><\/sup>&nbsp;\u0160\u0101d\u0101s liet\u0101s aizst\u0101jam\u012bbas nov\u0113rt\u0113\u0161an\u0101 \u012bpa\u0161i svar\u012bgi ir ar cenu nesaist\u012bti parametri un klasiskais<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>SSNIP&nbsp;<\/em>tests tiek aizst\u0101ts ar cit\u0101m metod\u0113m, piem\u0113ram, tiek sal\u012bdzin\u0101tas produktu funkcijas, paredz\u0113tais lietojums, p\u0101rorient\u0101cijas \u0161\u0137\u0113r\u0161\u013ci un izmaksas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Past\u0101v gad\u012bjumi, kad prim\u0101r\u0101 produkta pat\u0113ri\u0146\u0161 izraisa cita, saist\u012bta produkta (sekund\u0101r\u0101 produkta) pat\u0113ri\u0146u. \u0160\u0101da produktu sasaiste ir rakstur\u012bga ar\u012b digit\u0101laj\u0101 tirg\u016b, kur\u0101 m\u0113r\u0137tiec\u012bgi tiek rad\u012btas digit\u0101l\u0101s ekosist\u0113mas, ievie\u0161ot pakalpojumus, kuri ir savstarp\u0113ji saist\u012bti vai darbojas k\u0101 vienots veselums (piem\u0113ram, Microsoft vai Google integr\u0113tie pakalpojumi). Tirgu defin\u0113\u0161ana \u0161\u0101dos gad\u012bjumos ir sare\u017e\u0123\u012bta, jo ir j\u0101nosaka, vai produkti ir pietiekami saist\u012bti, lai tiktu uzskat\u012bti par vienu produktu, vai ar\u012b tie ir izdal\u0101mi atsevi\u0161\u0137i prim\u0101r\u0101 un sekund\u0101r\u0101 tirg\u016b. Atjaunot\u0101 pazi\u0146ojuma noda\u013c\u0101 Tirgu defin\u0113\u0161ana p\u0113cp\u0101rdo\u0161anas tirgu, komplektu un digit\u0101lo ekosist\u0113mu gad\u012bjum\u0101,<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kp.gov.lv\/lv\/jaunums\/konkreta-tirgus-definesana-jaunumi-un-izaicinajumi-konkurences-tiesibas#_ftn1\"><sup><\/sup><\/a><a href=\"#fn1\" id=\"ref1\">[5]<\/a><\/sup>&nbsp; EK apraksta tr\u012bs iesp\u0113jamos veidus, k\u0101 defin\u0113t konkr\u0113to tirgu, skaidrojot at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bbas starp a) sist\u0113mas tirgu, kas ietver gan prim\u0101ro, gan sekund\u0101ro produktu vienot\u0101 tirg\u016b; b) prim\u0101ru tirgu ar atsevi\u0161\u0137u sekund\u0101ro tirgu\u00b8 kad tirgi tiek nodal\u012bti atsevi\u0161\u0137i, un c) divda\u013cu tirgu, kad no vienas puses tiek pied\u0101v\u0101ts prim\u0101r\u0101 produkta tirgus un no otras puses, sekund\u0101r\u0101 produkta tirgus. Tostarp atjaunotaj\u0101 pazi\u0146ojum\u0101 ir atrodams ar\u012b katras tirgus defin\u0113\u0161anas metodes raksturojums un piem\u0113rot\u0101k\u0101 tirgus defin\u0113\u0161ana konkr\u0113t\u0101s situ\u0101cij\u0101s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong><em>Ne-cenas elementi<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><em>SSNIP<\/em>&nbsp;tests pal\u012bdz defin\u0113t konkr\u0113to tirgu un uz\u0146\u0113muma tirgus varu, nosakot vismaz\u0101ko savstarp\u0113ji aizvietojamo produktu kopumu, kur\u0101 hipot\u0113tisks monopolists var\u0113tu noteikt nelielu, bet b\u016btisku cenu paaugstin\u0101jumu, nezaud\u0113jot klientus. Atjaunot\u0101 pazi\u0146ojuma versij\u0101 klasisko&nbsp;<em>SSNIP&nbsp;<\/em>testu pied\u0101v\u0101 aizvietot ar&nbsp;<em>SSNDQ&nbsp;(small but significant non-transitory decrease in quality)<\/em>, kas izsaka pat\u0113r\u0113t\u0101ju<em>&nbsp;<\/em>reakciju uz nelielu, bet iev\u0113rojamu un palieko\u0161u kvalit\u0101tes pazemin\u0101\u0161anu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kam\u0113r uz\u0146\u0113m\u0113jdarb\u012bbas mode\u013ci, kuri pied\u0101v\u0101 da\u013cu no pakalpojumiem par br\u012bvu, nav nekas jauns, tom\u0113r digit\u0101laj\u0101 ekonomik\u0101 ir radu\u0161ies jauni \u0161\u0101da veida produkti ar sav\u0101m unik\u0101l\u0101m iez\u012bm\u0113m. Kad uz\u0146\u0113mumi konkur\u0113 p\u0113c citiem parametriem, kas nav cena, bet, piem\u0113ram, p\u0113c kvalit\u0101tes vai inov\u0101cijas l\u012bme\u0146a,&nbsp;<em>SSNIP<\/em>&nbsp;krit\u0113riju ir sare\u017e\u0123\u012bti piem\u0113rot, jo tests p\u0113c b\u016bt\u012bbas ietver hipot\u0113tisku cenas palielin\u0101\u0161anu, lai nov\u0113rt\u0113tu produktu aizst\u0101jam\u012bbu un&nbsp; uz\u0146\u0113muma tirgus varu konkr\u0113taj\u0101 tirg\u016b. At\u0161\u0137ir\u012bb\u0101 no 1997. gada pazi\u0146ojuma versijas, kur\u0101 tiek \u012bpa\u0161i izcelta&nbsp;<em>SSNIP<\/em>&nbsp;testa noz\u012bme, atjaunotais pazi\u0146ojums pie\u013cauj ka da\u017eos gad\u012bjumos ir neiesp\u0113jami piem\u0113rot uz cen\u0101m balst\u012btu SSNIP testu, t\u0101d\u0113\u013c \u0161\u012b testa izmanto\u0161ana vairs nav priek\u0161noteikums tirgus defin\u0113\u0161anai.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Citi pier\u0101d\u012bjumu veidi, kas ir vienl\u012bdz efekt\u012bvi tirgus defin\u0113\u0161anai ir aprakst\u012bti atjaunot\u0101 pazi\u0146ojuma tre\u0161aj\u0101 noda\u013c\u0101. Defin\u0113jot konkr\u0113to tirgu, EK \u0146em v\u0113r\u0101 da\u017e\u0101dus konkurences parametrus, kurus klienti uzskata par b\u016btiskiem v\u0113rt\u0113taj\u0101 teritorij\u0101 un period\u0101. \u0160ie parametri var ietvert produkta cenu, inov\u0101cijas pak\u0101pi un kvalit\u0101ti da\u017e\u0101dos aspektos, piem\u0113ram, t\u0101 ilgtsp\u0113ju, resursu efektivit\u0101ti, ilgiztur\u012bbu&nbsp;<em>(durability),<\/em>&nbsp;v\u0113rt\u012bbu un produkta iesp\u0113jamo lietojumu daudzveid\u012bbu, iesp\u0113ju iestr\u0101d\u0101t produktu citos produktos, produkta t\u0113lu vai sniegto dro\u0161\u012bbu un priv\u0101tuma aizsardz\u012bbu un t\u0101 pieejam\u012bbu, tai skait\u0101 iestr\u0101des perioda, pieg\u0101des \u0137\u0113\u017eu notur\u012bbas, pieg\u0101\u017eu uzticam\u012bbas un transporta izmaksu zi\u0146\u0101.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong><em>Tirgu defin\u0113\u0161ana b\u016btiskas p\u0113tniec\u012bbas un izstr\u0101des gad\u012bjum\u0101 (inov\u0101cijas)<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Konkr\u0113t\u0101 tirgus defin\u0113\u0161ana ir \u012bpa\u0161i izaicino\u0161a nozar\u0113s, kur\u0101s produkti ir nep\u0101rtraukt\u0101 p\u0113tniec\u012bb\u0101 un izstr\u0101d\u0113, piem\u0113ram, farm\u0101cij\u0101 vai tehnolo\u0123iju att\u012bst\u012bb\u0101. Par uzskat\u0101mu piem\u0113ru iesp\u0113jams min\u0113t EK apvieno\u0161an\u0101s nov\u0113rt\u0113jumu l\u0113mum\u0101&nbsp;<em>M.7275<\/em>&nbsp;<em>Novartis&nbsp;\/ GlaxoSmithKline Oncology Business<\/em>, kur EK uzdevums bija defin\u0113t konkr\u0113to tirgu un noteikt produktu aizst\u0101jam\u012bbu produktam, kur\u0161 v\u0113l tikai ir p\u0113tniec\u012bbas un III&nbsp;f\u0101zes kl\u012bnisko p\u0113t\u012bjumu stadij\u0101. T\u0101 k\u0101 \u0161aj\u0101 nozar\u0113 galaprodukts var b\u016bt ar\u012b nenoteikts, EK nov\u0113rt\u0113jum\u0101 apskata vair\u0101kus potenci\u0101los p\u0113tniec\u012bbas un izstr\u0101des procesu izn\u0101kumus. \u0160\u0101das situ\u0101cijas tiek aprakst\u012btas atjaunot\u0101 pazi\u0146ojuma 4.3. noda\u013c\u0101&nbsp;<em>Tirgu defin\u0113\u0161ana b\u016btiskas p\u0113tniec\u012bbas un izstr\u0101des gad\u012bjum\u0101,<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kp.gov.lv\/lv\/jaunums\/konkreta-tirgus-definesana-jaunumi-un-izaicinajumi-konkurences-tiesibas#_ftn1\"><strong><sup><\/sup><\/strong><\/a><strong><a href=\"#fn1\" id=\"ref1\">[6]<\/a><\/strong><\/sup>,<\/em>ar kuru b\u016btu v\u0113rt\u012bgi iepaz\u012bties tad, ja nepiecie\u0161ams defin\u0113t konkr\u0113to tirgu produktam, kur\u0161 v\u0113l nav pieejams klientam vai ar\u012b produktam, kur\u0161 atrodas izstr\u0101des proces\u0101. Tostarp noda\u013c\u0101 ir izkl\u0101st\u012bti krit\u0113riji, kuri pal\u012bdz noteikt konkr\u0113to tirgu tad, ja produkts ir v\u0113l tikai agr\u012bn\u0101 p\u0113tniec\u012bbas posm\u0101, kad inov\u0101cijas darbs uzreiz nep\u0101rv\u0113r\u0161as tirgojamos produktos un k\u0101 \u0161\u0101dos gad\u012bjumos defin\u0113t robe\u017eas, kur\u0101s uz\u0146\u0113mumi konkur\u0113. Noda\u013c\u0101 ar\u012b skaidroti vair\u0101ki v\u0113rt\u012bgi r\u0101d\u012bt\u0101ji \u0123eogr\u0101fisk\u0101 tirgus noteik\u0161an\u0101, kas ir cie\u0161i saist\u012bti ar produkta p\u0113tniec\u012bbas un izstr\u0101des procesu. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong><em>&nbsp;Tirgu defin\u0113\u0161ana b\u016btiskas diferenci\u0101cijas gad\u012bjum\u0101<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u0113l viens jaunin\u0101jums atjaunotaj\u0101 pazi\u0146ojum\u0101 ir produktu&nbsp;diferenci\u0101cijas izcel\u0161ana. Produkta diferenci\u0101cija notiek tad, kad produkts t\u0101 iez\u012bmju d\u0113\u013c var\u0113tu tikt atsevi\u0161\u0137i nodal\u012bts no p\u0101r\u0113jo produktu tirgus, piem\u0113ram, kad pat\u0113r\u0113t\u0101jiem ir svar\u012bgi, cik videi draudz\u012bgs ir produkts. Diferenci\u0101cijas rezult\u0101t\u0101, konkr\u0113tais tirgus tiek segment\u0113ts s\u012bk\u0101k, un \u0161aur\u0101kai tirgus defin\u012bcijai ir tie\u0161a ietekme uz tirgus da\u013cas apr\u0113\u0137inu. Diferenc\u0113\u0161ana var notikt produktu l\u012bmen\u012b vai \u0123eogr\u0101fisk\u0101 l\u012bmen\u012b. Produktu diferenc\u0113\u0161ana nosak\u0101ma tad, ja svar\u012bgas ir produkta iez\u012bmes k\u0101, piem\u0113ram, dizains, z\u012bmola t\u0113ls, tehnisk\u0101s specifik\u0101cijas, ilgiztur\u012bba, apkalpo\u0161anas l\u012bmenis vai jebkura cita specifiska iez\u012bme. \u0122eogr\u0101fisk\u0101 diferenci\u0101cija notiek tad, kad klientam, izdarot izv\u0113li, ir svar\u012bga sava un pieg\u0101d\u0101t\u0101ja atra\u0161an\u0101s vieta, un t\u0101d\u0113\u013c \u0123eogr\u0101fiskais tirgus tiek nodal\u012bts atsevi\u0161\u0137i. Atjaunot\u0101 pazi\u0146ojuma 4.2. noda\u013c\u0101<em>&nbsp;Tirgu defin\u0113\u0161ana klientu vai klientu grupu diferenci\u0101cijas gad\u012bjum\u0101<\/em><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kp.gov.lv\/lv\/jaunums\/konkreta-tirgus-definesana-jaunumi-un-izaicinajumi-konkurences-tiesibas#_ftn2\"><sup><\/sup><\/a><a href=\"#fn1\" id=\"ref1\">[7]<\/a><\/sup><em>&nbsp;<\/em>tiek skaidrots, k\u0101dos gad\u012bjumos nosak\u0101ma atsevi\u0161\u0137a konkr\u0113to produktu izmantojo\u0161o klientu grupa, kas veido \u0161aur\u0101ku, atsevi\u0161\u0137u tirgu. Lai noteiktu klientu grupu diferenci\u0101ciju, j\u0101izpild\u0101s tr\u012bs priek\u0161noteikumiem: &nbsp;a) br\u012bd\u012b, kad konkr\u0113tais produkts tiek p\u0101rdots klientam, ir iesp\u0113jams skaidri noteikt, pie kuras grupas \u0161is klients pieder; b) tirdzniec\u012bba starp klientiem vai tre\u0161o pu\u0161u \u012bstenota arbitr\u0101\u017ea ir maz ticama; c) klientu vai klientu grupu diferenci\u0101cija ir palieko\u0161a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0122eogr\u0101fisk\u0101 tirgus defin\u0113\u0161anas noz\u012bme &#8220;Eiropas industri\u0101lo \u010dempionu&#8221; veido\u0161an\u0101<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Papildus iek\u013cautajiem jaunajiem konceptiem, atjaunotaj\u0101 pazi\u0146ojum\u0101 tiek saglab\u0101ta ar\u012b iepriek\u0161 izmantot\u0101 metodika, p\u0113c kuras EK un konkurences iest\u0101des, un tiesas vad\u012bj\u0101s l\u012bdz \u0161im. Atjaunotaj\u0101 pazi\u0146ojum\u0101 ar piem\u0113riem un koment\u0101riem tiek papildin\u0101ti t\u0101di j\u0113dzieni k\u0101 pied\u0101v\u0101jumu aizst\u0101jam\u012bba<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kp.gov.lv\/lv\/jaunums\/konkreta-tirgus-definesana-jaunumi-un-izaicinajumi-konkurences-tiesibas#_ftn1\"><sup><\/sup><\/a><a href=\"#fn1\" id=\"ref1\">[8]<\/a><\/sup>&nbsp;potenci\u0101l\u0101s konkurences noz\u012bme \u0123eogr\u0101fisk\u0101 tirgus noteik\u0161an\u0101, sniegts detaliz\u0113t\u0101ks skaidrojums par tirgus da\u013cu lomu nov\u0113rt\u0113jum\u0101, un to apr\u0113\u0137in\u0101\u0161anas metodika.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>K\u0101 viens no interesant\u0101kajiem un, iesp\u0113jams, politisk\u0101kajiem jaut\u0101jumiem ir diskusija par \u0123eogr\u0101fisk\u0101 tirgu nov\u0113rt\u0113jumu globaliz\u0101cijas kontekst\u0101, tostarp tirgos, kuros pieaug importa rad\u012btais konkurences spiediens. P\u0113c tam, kad EK 2019. gad\u0101 aizliedza&nbsp;<em>M.8677<\/em>&nbsp;<em>Siemens\/Alstom<\/em>&nbsp;apvieno\u0161an\u0101s dar\u012bjumu dzelzce\u013ca pakalpojumu snieg\u0161an\u0101, vair\u0101ki uz\u0146\u0113mumi un ES valstu l\u012bderi&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.politico.eu\/article\/macron-and-merkel-defy-brussels-with-push-for-industrial-champions\/\">aicin\u0101ja<\/a>&nbsp;m\u012bkstin\u0101t ES konkurences noteikumus. Saska\u0146\u0101 ar \u0161iem ierosin\u0101jumiem, \u0123eogr\u0101fisk\u0101 tirgus papla\u0161in\u0101\u0161ana atvieglotu Eiropas uz\u0146\u0113mumu apvieno\u0161anos un veicin\u0101tu to konkur\u0113tsp\u0113ju glob\u0101li ar t\u0101d\u0101m valst\u012bm k\u0101 ASV un \u0136\u012bnu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Atjaunotaj\u0101 pazi\u0146ojum\u0101 EK uzsver, ka \u0123eogr\u0101fiskais tirgus ir j\u0101v\u0113rt\u0113 gan globaliz\u0101cijas, gan ar\u012b importa konkurences kontekst\u0101. Lai gan ir gad\u012bjumi, kad svar\u012bgi v\u0113rt\u0113t tirgus dal\u012bbnieka iesp\u0113jas p\u0101rorient\u0113ties uz importu,<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kp.gov.lv\/lv\/jaunums\/konkreta-tirgus-definesana-jaunumi-un-izaicinajumi-konkurences-tiesibas#_ftn2\"><sup><\/sup><\/a><a href=\"#fn1\" id=\"ref1\">[9]<\/a><\/sup>&nbsp;tom\u0113r tas vien, ka konkr\u0113t\u0101 teritorij\u0101 notiek import\u0113\u0161ana vai ir iesp\u0113ja p\u0101rorient\u0113ties uz importu, ne oblig\u0101ti noz\u012bm\u0113, ka \u0123eogr\u0101fisk\u0101 tirgus tv\u0113rums ir j\u0101papla\u0161ina.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kp.gov.lv\/lv\/jaunums\/konkreta-tirgus-definesana-jaunumi-un-izaicinajumi-konkurences-tiesibas#_ftn3\"><sup><\/sup><\/a><a href=\"#fn1\" id=\"ref1\">[10]<\/a><\/sup>&nbsp;L\u012bdz ar to ir iesp\u0113jami gad\u012bjumi, kad starptautisk\u0101s tirdzniec\u012bbas pl\u016bsmas tiek \u0146emtas v\u0113r\u0101, bet kopum\u0101 EK nav pak\u013c\u0101vusies valstu spiedienam papla\u0161in\u0101t \u0123eogr\u0101fisk\u0101 tirgus robe\u017eas apvieno\u0161anos nov\u0113rt\u0113jum\u0101. Pazi\u0146ojum\u0101 tiek prec\u012bzi noteikti gad\u012bjumi, kad Komisija tom\u0113r \u0146em v\u0113r\u0101 importa rad\u012bto konkurences spiedienu konkr\u0113taj\u0101 tirg\u016b, piem\u0113ram, gad\u012bjum\u0101, kad \u0123eogr\u0101fiskie tirgi ir defin\u0113ti, balstoties uz klientu atra\u0161an\u0101s vietu.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kp.gov.lv\/lv\/jaunums\/konkreta-tirgus-definesana-jaunumi-un-izaicinajumi-konkurences-tiesibas#_ftn4\"><sup><\/sup><\/a><a href=\"#fn1\" id=\"ref1\">[11]<\/a><\/sup>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Secin\u0101jumi<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Tikko k\u0101 pie\u0146emtajam Atjaunotajam Pazi\u0146ojumam ir iev\u0113rojami liel\u0101ks apjoms nek\u0101 1997. gada dokumentam. Attiec\u012bb\u0101 uz tirgus defin\u0113\u0161anas metodiku, Pazi\u0146ojum\u0101 nav b\u016btisku atk\u0101pju no 1997. gada Pazi\u0146ojuma, taj\u0101 ir saglab\u0101ts, ka konkr\u0113t\u0101 tirgus defin\u0113\u0161ana vispirms tiek balst\u012bta pamatojoties uz piepras\u012bjuma un pied\u0101v\u0101juma aizvietojam\u012bbu un potenci\u0101lo konkurenci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lai gan v\u0113l ir p\u0101r\u0101k agri spriest par atjaunot\u0101 pazi\u0146ojuma tr\u016bkumiem, t\u0101 nov\u0113rt\u0113\u0161anas proces\u0101 vair\u0101kas iesaist\u012bt\u0101s puses nor\u0101d\u012bju\u0161as uz nepiecie\u0161am\u012bbu labot iepriek\u0161\u0113j\u0101 pazi\u0146ojuma p\u0101rlieku lielu visp\u0101r\u012bgumu un EK un tiesu prakses piem\u0113ru tr\u016bkumu, k\u0101 rezult\u0101t\u0101 nov\u0113rojama tiesisk\u0101 nenoteikt\u012bba defin\u0113jot konkr\u0113tos tirgus.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kp.gov.lv\/lv\/jaunums\/konkreta-tirgus-definesana-jaunumi-un-izaicinajumi-konkurences-tiesibas#_ftn1\"><sup><\/sup><\/a><a href=\"#fn1\" id=\"ref1\">[12]<\/a><\/sup>&nbsp;Tikm\u0113r ilgi gaid\u012bt\u0101s vadl\u012bnijas konkr\u0113t\u0101 tirgus defin\u0113\u0161an\u0101 digit\u0101lajos tirgos nav izr\u0101d\u012bju\u0161\u0101s pietiekami detaliz\u0113tas, kas ir da\u013c\u0113ji ir skaidrojams un attaisnojams ar \u0161\u012b tirgus novit\u0101ti un dinamisko att\u012bst\u012bbu. \u0160\u012b iemesla d\u0113\u013c 2022. gad\u0101 KP veica&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.kp.gov.lv\/lv\/2022gads\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Tie\u0161saistes platformu tirgus uzraudz\u012bbu<\/a>, kuras ietvaros tika noteikti vair\u0101ki r\u0101d\u012bt\u0101ji, p\u0113c kuriem vad\u012bties, defin\u0113jot konkr\u0113to tirgu digit\u0101lo platformu sektor\u0101.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kopum\u0101 Pazi\u0146ojums ir v\u0113rt\u0113jams pozit\u012bvi, taj\u0101 ir pievienotas jaunas nor\u0101des par konkurences nov\u0113rt\u0113\u0161anas metodiku, jo \u012bpa\u0161i dinamisk\u0101kos tirgos un digit\u0101laj\u0101 tirg\u016b. Uzteicami ir EK m\u0113\u0123in\u0101jumi iek\u013caut vair\u0101kus piem\u0113rus, izstr\u0101d\u0101jot nebiju\u0161as noda\u013cas, piem\u0113ram, par konkr\u0113t\u0101 tirgus defin\u0113\u0161anu daudzpus\u0113jos tirgos, vai tirgos, kuros intens\u012bvi tiek ieviestas inov\u0101cijas, k\u0101 ar\u012b sekund\u0101rajos tirgos. Tostarp atjaunotaj\u0101 pazi\u0146ojum\u0101 ir ac\u012bmredzami liel\u0101ks fokuss uz rad\u012bt\u0101jiem, kuriem 21. gadsimta ekonomik\u0101 ir \u012bpa\u0161i svar\u012bga loma \u2013 inov\u0101cijas, kvalit\u0101te un ilglaic\u012bgums.<\/p>\n\n\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><br \/><sup id=\"fn1\">[1]\u00a0<em>SSNIP \u2013 Small but significant and non-transitory increase in price<br \/><\/em>[2]<\/sup><sup id=\"fn1\">\u00a0EK, 12.07.2021. \u201cV\u0113rt\u0113jums par Komisijas 1997. gada 9. decembra pazi\u0146ojuma par \u201ckonkr\u0113t\u0101 tirgus\u201ddefin\u012bciju un t\u0101 atbilst\u012bbu Kopienas konkurences ties\u012bbu akta m\u0113r\u0137iem\u201d, 13.lpp. Pieejams: <\/sup><br \/><sup id=\"fn1\">[3] T\u012bkla efekts ir v\u0113rojams, ja produkta A v\u0113rt\u012bba sv\u0101rst\u0101s (tie\u0161i vai apgriezti) atkar\u012bb\u0101 no \u0161o produktu izmantojo\u0161o klientu skaita izmai\u0146\u0101m. \u0160is j\u0113dziens ir \u012bpa\u0161i svar\u012bgs digit\u0101lo platformu kontekst\u0101, kur tie\u0161\u0101 t\u012bkla ietekme rodas tad, ja produkta, pakalpojuma vai platformas v\u0113rt\u012bba palielin\u0101s tikai t\u0101p\u0113c, ka palielin\u0101s lietot\u0101ju skaits \u2013 jo vair\u0101k cilv\u0113ku izmanto platformu, jo izdev\u012bg\u0101ka un saisto\u0161\u0101ka t\u0101 k\u013c\u016bst katram lietot\u0101jam.<\/sup><br \/><sup id=\"fn1\">[4] EK, 08.02.2024. \u201cKomisijas pazi\u0146ojums par j\u0113dziena \u201ckonkr\u0113tais tirgus\u201d defin\u012bciju Savien\u012bbas konkurences ties\u012bb\u0101s\u201d, 37.lpp.<\/sup><br \/><sup id=\"fn1\">[5] Turpat., 38.lpp.<\/sup><br \/><sup id=\"fn1\">[6] EK, 08.02.2024. \u201cKomisijas pazi\u0146ojums par j\u0113dziena \u201ckonkr\u0113tais tirgus\u201d defin\u012bciju Savien\u012bbas konkurences ties\u012bb\u0101s\u201d, 35.lpp.<\/sup><br \/><sup id=\"fn1\">[7] EK, 08.02.2024. \u201cKomisijas pazi\u0146ojums par j\u0113dziena \u201ckonkr\u0113tais tirgus\u201d defin\u012bciju Savien\u012bbas konkurences ties\u012bb\u0101s\u201d, 35.lpp.<\/sup><br \/><sup id=\"fn1\">[8] Skat\u012bt Atjaunot\u0101 Pazi\u0146ojuma 2.1.2. noda\u013cu. \u00a0<\/sup><br \/><sup id=\"fn1\">[9] Skat\u012bt atjaunot\u0101 Pazi\u0146ojuma 41. rindkopu.<\/sup><br \/><sup id=\"fn1\">[10] Skat\u012bt atjaunot\u0101 Pazi\u0146ojuma 42. rindkopu.<\/sup><br \/><sup id=\"fn1\">[11] Skat\u012bt atjaunot\u0101 Pazi\u0146ojuma 41. un 43. rindkopu.<\/sup><br \/><sup id=\"fn1\">[12] Francijas konkurences juristu asoci\u0101cija, \u201cAPDC atbilde uz Komisijas s\u0101kotn\u0113jo apsprie\u0161anos (koment\u0101ri par darb\u012bbas pl\u0101nu) par 1997. gada 9. decembra Komisijas pazi\u0146ojuma par konkr\u0113t\u0101 tirgus defin\u012bciju nov\u0113rt\u0113jumu\u201d. Pieejams:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/info\/law\/better-regulation\/have-your-say\/initiatives\/12325-EU-competition-law-market-definition-notice-evaluation-\/F519601_en\">https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/info\/law\/better-regulation\/have-your-say\/initiatives\/12325-EU-competition-law-market-definition-notice-evaluation-\/F519601_en<\/a><\/sup><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>D\u0101nijas Automobi\u013cu servisa asoci\u0101cija, \u201cAtzinums par Komisijas pazi\u0146ojumu par konkr\u0113t\u0101 tirgus defin\u012bciju\u201d 15.05.2020., 2.lpp. Pieejams: <a href=\"https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/info\/law\/better-regulation\/have-your-say\/initiatives\/12325-EU-competition-law-market-definition-notice-evaluation-\/F519514_en\">https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/info\/law\/better-regulation\/have-your-say\/initiatives\/12325-EU-competition-law-market-definition-notice-evaluation-\/F519514_en<\/a><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Gl\u0101zgovas universit\u0101te, \u201cP\u0101rskats un koment\u0101ri par konkr\u0113t\u0101 tirgus defin\u012bciju\u201d 14.05.2020. Pieejams:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/info\/law\/better-regulation\/have-your-say\/initiatives\/12325-EU-competition-law-market-definition-notice-evaluation-\/F519496_en\">https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/info\/law\/better-regulation\/have-your-say\/initiatives\/12325-EU-competition-law-market-definition-notice-evaluation-\/F519496_en<\/a><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><em>Rakstu sagatavoja: Anal\u012btisk\u0101 departamenta eksperte Kristi\u0101na Purva<\/em><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tirgus defin\u0113\u0161ana ir viens no pirmajiem un svar\u012bg\u0101kajiem so\u013ciem, v\u0113rt\u0113jot uz\u0146\u0113muma r\u012bc\u012bbas atbilst\u012bbu konkurences ties\u012bb\u0101m. Lai veicin\u0101tu \u0161\u012b procesa caurredzam\u012bbu un tiesisko noteikt\u012bbu, Eiropas Komisija (EK) ir atjaunojusi\u00a0Pazi\u0146ojumu par\u00a0j\u0113dziena \u201ckonkr\u0113tais tirgus\u201d defin\u012bciju Kopienas konkurences ties\u012bb\u0101s<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1938,"featured_media":23242,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,47],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zurnalsiepirkumi.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23243"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zurnalsiepirkumi.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zurnalsiepirkumi.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zurnalsiepirkumi.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1938"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zurnalsiepirkumi.lv\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=23243"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/zurnalsiepirkumi.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23243\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":23265,"href":"https:\/\/zurnalsiepirkumi.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23243\/revisions\/23265"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zurnalsiepirkumi.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/23242"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zurnalsiepirkumi.lv\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=23243"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zurnalsiepirkumi.lv\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=23243"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zurnalsiepirkumi.lv\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=23243"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}