{"id":20874,"date":"2023-05-09T08:13:24","date_gmt":"2023-05-09T06:13:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zurnalsiepirkumi.lv\/?p=20874"},"modified":"2023-05-09T08:20:55","modified_gmt":"2023-05-09T06:20:55","slug":"konkurences-padomes-raditais-sabiedribas-ieguvums-turpina-pieaugt","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zurnalsiepirkumi.lv\/?p=20874","title":{"rendered":"Konkurences padomes rad\u012btais sabiedr\u012bbas ieguvums turpina pieaugt"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Konkurences padomes Ekonomisk\u0101s anal\u012bzes un apvieno\u0161an\u0101s departamenta vec\u0101k\u0101 ekonomiste Krista Munkevica\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Konkurences padome (KP), t\u0101pat k\u0101 citas p\u0101rvaldes iest\u0101des, par savu darbu ir atbild\u012bga Latvijas sabiedr\u012bbas priek\u0161\u0101. Ik gadu, public\u0113jot gada p\u0101rskatu par KP darb\u012bbas rezult\u0101tiem iepriek\u0161\u0113j\u0101 kalend\u0101raj\u0101 gad\u0101, apr\u0113\u0137in\u0101ta tiek ar\u012b p\u0113rn\u0101 gad\u0101 nov\u0113rsto un nepie\u013cauto p\u0101rk\u0101pumu finansi\u0101l\u0101 ietekme, kas rezult\u0113jusies sabiedr\u012bbas ieguvum\u0101. Sabiedr\u012bbas ieguvums ir viens no veidiem, k\u0101 nov\u0113rt\u0113t iest\u0101des darbu un par\u0101d\u012bt lietder\u012bbu tam, k\u0101 tiek izlietots KP darb\u012bbas finans\u0113\u0161anai atv\u0113l\u0113tais bud\u017eets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lai p\u0113c iesp\u0113jas prec\u012bz\u0101k var\u0113tu nov\u0113rt\u0113t iest\u0101des rad\u012bto sabiedr\u012bbas ieguvumu, KP ir izstr\u0101d\u0101jusi metodolo\u0123iju, kas galvenok\u0101rt balst\u012bta uz \u012bpa\u0161i rad\u012bt\u0101m OECD rekomend\u0101cij\u0101m, kuru m\u0113r\u0137is ir pal\u012bdz\u0113t konkurenci uzraugo\u0161aj\u0101m iest\u0101d\u0113m nov\u0113rt\u0113t savas darb\u012bbas paredzamo ietekmi. Metodolo\u0123ijas pamat\u0101 ir EX-ANTE jeb prognoz\u0113jo\u0161\u0101 anal\u012bze, turkl\u0101t izmantotie pie\u0146\u0113mumi ir pietic\u012bgi. L\u012bdz ar to tiek apr\u0113\u0137in\u0101ts minim\u0101lais tie\u0161ais sabiedr\u012bbas ieguvums, kas izpau\u017eas k\u0101 KP darba rezult\u0101t\u0101 nepie\u013cautais vai nov\u0113rstais cenu pieaugums tirg\u016b. Svar\u012bgi uzsv\u0113rt, ka sabiedr\u012bbas ieguvum\u0101 netiek ieskait\u012bti konkurences likuma p\u0101rk\u0101p\u0113jiem piem\u0113rotie un nomaks\u0101tie naudas sodi, jo to prim\u0101rais m\u0113r\u0137is ir visp\u0101r\u0113j\u0101 prevencija un p\u0101rk\u0101puma nodar\u012bt\u0101 kait\u0113juma mazin\u0101\u0161ana. Lai mazin\u0101tu sabiedr\u012bbas ieguvuma main\u012bgumu, kas rodas no at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bga atkl\u0101to p\u0101rk\u0101pumu skaita un apjoma katru gadu, k\u0101 ar\u012b sekojot OECD ieteikumiem, apr\u0113\u0137in\u0101tais sabiedr\u012bbas ieguvums tiek apr\u0113\u0137in\u0101ts k\u0101 tr\u012bs gadu vid\u0113jais r\u0101d\u012bt\u0101js. L\u012bdzv\u0113rt\u012bgi sabiedr\u012bbas ieguvums tiek  apr\u0113\u0137in\u0101ts ar\u012b Eiropas Komisij\u0101 un cit\u0101s konkurences uzraudz\u012bbas iest\u0101d\u0113s Eirop\u0101 un pasaul\u0113.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sabiedr\u012bbas ieguvuma apr\u0113\u0137ina pamat\u0101 ir pie\u0146\u0113mums, ka jebkuri iesp\u0113jamie zaud\u0113jumi, kas pat\u0113r\u0113t\u0101jiem un citiem uz\u0146\u0113mumiem netiek nodar\u012bti, KP nepie\u013caujot vai nov\u0113r\u0161ot konkr\u0113tus konkurences p\u0101rk\u0101pumus, ir sabiedr\u012bbas ieguvums. To veido tr\u012bs galvenie bloki \u2013 uz\u0146\u0113mumu apvieno\u0161an\u0101s kontrole, aizliegtas vieno\u0161an\u0101s un domin\u0113jo\u0161\u0101 st\u0101vok\u013ca \u013caunpr\u0101t\u012bgas izmanto\u0161anas vai negod\u012bgas tirdzniec\u012bbas prakses p\u0101rk\u0101pumi. Papildus metodolo\u0123ija paredz iesp\u0113ju simbolisk\u0101 apm\u0113r\u0101 nov\u0113rt\u0113t sabiedr\u012bbas ieguvumu ar\u012b no cit\u0101m KP darb\u012bb\u0101m, piem\u0113ram, tirgus dal\u012bbniekiem izteiktajiem br\u012bdin\u0101jumiem un veikto uzraudz\u012bbu tirgos, ja t\u0101m ir iesp\u0113jams objekt\u012bvi nov\u0113rt\u0113t finansi\u0101lo ietekmi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

KP nepie\u013cauj p\u0101rm\u0113r\u012bgu uz\u0146\u0113mumu tirgus varas koncentr\u0101ciju un situ\u0101cij\u0101s, kad tiek aizliegta k\u0101du tirgus dal\u012bbnieku apvieno\u0161an\u0101s vai t\u0101 tiek at\u013cauta ar saisto\u0161ajiem noteikumiem, potenci\u0101li tiek nov\u0113rsts iesp\u0113jamais cenas pieaugums pat l\u012bdz 3% apm\u0113r\u0101 no ietekm\u0113t\u0101 tirgus. Savuk\u0101rt, atkl\u0101jot vai nepie\u013caujot konkurences ties\u012bbu p\u0101rk\u0101pumus, KP sniedz tie\u0161u un t\u016bl\u012bt\u0113ju labumu gan p\u0101rk\u0101pumos cietu\u0161ajiem uz\u0146\u0113mumiem, gan ar\u012b pat\u0113r\u0113t\u0101jiem. Nov\u0113rstais iesp\u0113jamais cenu pieaugums p\u0101rk\u0101puma liet\u0101s sv\u0101rst\u0101s no 5% l\u012bdz pat 10% no tirgus dal\u012bbnieku ietekm\u0113t\u0101 apgroz\u012bjuma. Tostarp jaun\u0101kie emp\u012briskie p\u0113t\u012bjumi \u0161aj\u0101 jom\u0101 liecina, ka re\u0101lais cenu k\u0101pums var\u0113tu b\u016bt iev\u0113rojami augst\u0101ks. Piem\u0113ram, analiz\u0113jot atsevi\u0161\u0137us ES pie\u0146emtos apvieno\u0161an\u0101s l\u0113mumus, ir nov\u0113rots, ka vid\u0113jais cenas pieaugums at\u013caut\u0101m apvieno\u0161an\u0101m ir 5%[1]<\/a><\/sup>, bet vid\u0113jais karte\u013cu vieno\u0161anos \u0113n\u0101 rad\u012btais cenu pieaugums sv\u0101rst\u0101s no 16%[2]<\/a><\/sup>  l\u012bdz pat 23%[3]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apkopojot 2022. gada darb\u012bbas rezult\u0101tus, KP apr\u0113\u0137in\u0101ja, ka vid\u0113jais sabiedr\u012bbas ieguvums no konkurences politikas \u012bsteno\u0161anas Latvij\u0101 laika period\u0101 no 2020. l\u012bdz 2022. gadam p\u0101rsniedz 51,5 miljonus eiro gad\u0101. Attiecinot sabiedr\u012bbas ieguvumu pret iest\u0101des bud\u017eetu \u0161aj\u0101 period\u0101, var secin\u0101t, ka katrs iest\u0101dei pie\u0161\u0137irtais eiro vid\u0113ji rada sabiedr\u012bbas ieguvumu 26,73 eiro apm\u0113r\u0101. Tik apjom\u012bgs sabiedr\u012bbas ieguvums radies atkl\u0101jot  un nepie\u013caujot b\u016btiskus un finansi\u0101li ietekm\u012bgus konkurences p\u0101rk\u0101pumus, kas sekm\u0113ju\u0161i \u0161o iespaid\u012bgo rezult\u0101tu. Piem\u0113ram, 2020. gada nogal\u0113 tika pie\u0146emts l\u0113mums par VAS \u201cLatvijas dzelzce\u013c\u0161\u201d kapit\u0101lsabiedr\u012bbas SIA \u201cLDZ CARGO\u201d domin\u0113jo\u0161\u0101 st\u0101vok\u013ca \u013caunpr\u0101t\u012bgu izmanto\u0161anu<\/a>, apgr\u016btinot konkurentu darb\u012bbu dzelzce\u013ca kravu p\u0101rvad\u0101jumos Latvij\u0101. Savuk\u0101rt 2021. gad\u0101 b\u016btisku sabiedr\u012bbas ieguvumu deva KP pie\u0146emtais l\u0113mums t\u0101 sauktaj\u0101 \u201cB\u016bvnieku karte\u013ca\u201d liet\u0101, konstat\u0113jot desmit b\u016bvniec\u012bbas uz\u0146\u0113mumu ilggad\u0113ju aizliegtu vieno\u0161anos par dal\u012bbas nosac\u012bjumiem publiskajos un priv\u0101tajos iepirkumos Latvij\u0101<\/a>. T\u0101pat ar\u012b noz\u012bm\u012bgs ieguvumus sabiedr\u012bbai ir KP 2021. gad\u0101 parakst\u012btais izl\u012bgums ar R\u012bgas pils\u0113tas pa\u0161vald\u012bbu un SIA \u201cGetli\u0146i EKO\u201d<\/a>. T\u0101 rezult\u0101t\u0101 tika nov\u0113rsts potenci\u0101ls konkurences krop\u013cojums \u2013 iecer\u0113t\u0101 atkritumu apsaimnieko\u0161anas tirgus monopoliz\u0101cija uz 20 gadiem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ar\u012b \u0161aj\u0101 gad\u0101 KP prognoz\u0113, ka apr\u0113\u0137in\u0101tais sabiedr\u012bbas ieguvums neb\u016bs maz\u0101k iespaid\u012bgs k\u0101 iepriek\u0161\u0113j\u0101 period\u0101. Jau 2023. gada s\u0101kum\u0101 KP pie\u0146\u0113ma l\u0113mumu, kur\u0101 konstat\u0113ja AS \u201cLiep\u0101jas autobusu parks\u201d, SIA \u201cLatvijas Sabiedriskais Autobuss\u201d un AS \u201cNordeka\u201d aizliegtu vieno\u0161anos VSIA \u201cAutotransporta direkcija\u201d organiz\u0113tajos iepirkumos par sabiedrisk\u0101 transporta pakalpojumu snieg\u0161anu ar autobusiem re\u0123ion\u0101l\u0101s noz\u012bmes mar\u0161rutos uz desmit gadiem.T\u0101pat akt\u012bvi turpin\u0101s izmekl\u0113\u0161anas darbs pie cit\u0101m sabiedr\u012bbai noz\u012bm\u012bg\u0101m liet\u0101m, lai uztur\u0113tu un veicin\u0101tu god\u012bgu konkurences vidi Latvij\u0101, kas nodro\u0161in\u0101s b\u016btisku sabiedr\u012bbas ieguvumu ar\u012b n\u0101kotn\u0113.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lai ar\u012b cik iespaid\u012bgs neb\u016btu apr\u0113\u0137in\u0101tais tie\u0161ais sabiedr\u012bbas ieguvums, tas atspogu\u013co tikai \u201caisberga virsotni\u201d attiec\u012bb\u0101 uz konkurences politikas \u012bsteno\u0161anas pozit\u012bvo ietekmi uz sabiedr\u012bbu kopum\u0101. KP darb\u012bba rada ar\u012b b\u016btisku netie\u0161u ieguvumu, jo, izgl\u012btojot un konsult\u0113jot uz\u0146\u0113mumus, k\u0101 ar\u012b uzraugot nozares, KP prevent\u012bvi attur uz\u0146\u0113mumus no iesaist\u012b\u0161an\u0101s p\u0101rk\u0101pumos. T\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di tiek veicin\u0101ta tiesiskas un vienl\u012bdz\u012bgas konkurences vides att\u012bst\u012bba, kas ir skait\u013cos neizm\u0113r\u0101ms sabiedr\u012bbas ieguvums. T\u0101pat ar\u012b sabiedr\u012bbas ieguvuma apr\u0113\u0137in\u0101 netiek \u0146emta v\u0113r\u0101 pozit\u012bv\u0101 ietekme uz inov\u0101cij\u0101m, kvalit\u0101ti, produktivit\u0101ti un izv\u0113li, ko cita starp\u0101 veicina vesel\u012bga konkurence starp uz\u0146\u0113mumiem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Netie\u0161ais ieguvums no KP darb\u012bbas var\u0113tu b\u016bt pat daudz iev\u0113rojam\u0101ks k\u0101 tie\u0161ais sabiedr\u012bbas ieguvums, ta\u010du vienlaikus ar\u012b daudz gr\u016bt\u0101k vai pat neiesp\u0113jami nov\u0113rt\u0113jams. Diem\u017e\u0113l \u0161ie ietekmes apr\u0113\u0137ina ierobe\u017eojumi ir aktu\u0101la probl\u0113ma vis\u0101m konkurenci uzraugo\u0161aj\u0101m iest\u0101d\u0113m, un vismaz pagaid\u0101m unik\u0101la risin\u0101juma \u0161ai probl\u0113mai nav. Tom\u0113r KP akt\u012bvi seko starptautiskajai praksei un rekomend\u0101cij\u0101m, k\u0101 pilnveidot sabiedr\u012bbas ieguvuma apr\u0113\u0137inu atbilsto\u0161i jaun\u0101kiem standartiem, tai skait\u0101 KP piedal\u0101s ar\u012b Eiropas Komisijas un OECD r\u012bkotaj\u0101s diskusij\u0101s par \u0161o t\u0113mu, sniedzot ar\u012b savu pieredzi un redz\u0113jumu turpm\u0101k\u0101 sabiedr\u012bbas ieguvuma apr\u0113\u0137ina uzlabo\u0161an\u0101, lai tas atspogu\u013cotu maksim\u0101li prec\u012bzu rezult\u0101tu atbilsto\u0161i re\u0101lajai situ\u0101cijai.<\/p>\n\n\n


[1]. Havell, R., Mariuzzo, F., & Ormosi, P., A review of merger decisions in the EU: What can we learn from ex-post evaluations?<\/a> Skat\u012bt 11. lpp.\u21a9<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n


[2]. Boyer, M. & Kotchoni, R., How Much Do Cartel Overcharge?<\/a> Skat\u012bt 39. lpp.\u21a9<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n


[3].Connor, J., Cartel overcharges<\/a>. Skat\u012bt 249. lpp.\u21a9<\/a><\/sup>
<\/p>\n

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Konkurences padome (KP), t\u0101pat k\u0101 citas p\u0101rvaldes iest\u0101des, par savu darbu ir atbild\u012bga Latvijas sabiedr\u012bbas priek\u0161\u0101.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1938,"featured_media":17438,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[120,115,71,1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zurnalsiepirkumi.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20874"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zurnalsiepirkumi.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zurnalsiepirkumi.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zurnalsiepirkumi.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1938"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zurnalsiepirkumi.lv\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=20874"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/zurnalsiepirkumi.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20874\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":20886,"href":"https:\/\/zurnalsiepirkumi.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20874\/revisions\/20886"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zurnalsiepirkumi.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/17438"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zurnalsiepirkumi.lv\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=20874"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zurnalsiepirkumi.lv\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=20874"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zurnalsiepirkumi.lv\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=20874"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}