{"id":15959,"date":"2021-12-13T10:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-12-13T08:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zurnalsiepirkumi.lv\/?p=15959"},"modified":"2021-12-13T11:59:23","modified_gmt":"2021-12-13T09:59:23","slug":"interesu-konflikts-publiskaja-iepirkuma-un-zaudejumu-piedzina-visparejas-tiesas-judikatura","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zurnalsiepirkumi.lv\/?p=15959","title":{"rendered":"Intere\u0161u konflikts publiskaj\u0101 iepirkum\u0101 un zaud\u0113jumu piedzi\u0146a: Visp\u0101r\u0113j\u0101s tiesas judikat\u016bra"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

22.decembris 2020\/NR. 51\/52 (1181\/1162)\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2020. gad\u0101 Saeima papla\u0161in\u0101s Publisko iepirkumu likuma 25. panta pirmaj\u0101 da\u013c\u0101 ietverto intere\u0161u konflikta defin\u012bciju iepirkuma proced\u016bras ietvaros. Proti, t\u0101 beidzot ievies\u012bs Direkt\u012bv\u0101 2014\/24\/ES1<\/a><\/sup>paredz\u0113to pla\u0161o intere\u0161u konflikta defin\u012bciju,2<\/a><\/sup> nevis aprobe\u017eosies ar iepirkum\u0101 iesaist\u012bto personu iesp\u0113jamo radinieku un dar\u012bjumu partneru uzskait\u012bjumu. L\u012bdz ar to b\u016btiski pieaugs pas\u016bt\u012bt\u0101ju veikt\u0101s izmekl\u0113\u0161anas spektrs situ\u0101cij\u0101, kad tas pats konstat\u0113 vai ieinteres\u0113ts pieg\u0101d\u0101t\u0101js zi\u0146o par intere\u0161u konflikta risku. Gan Eiropas Savien\u012bbas Tiesas, gan Eiropas Savien\u012bbas Visp\u0101r\u0113j\u0101s tiesas (turpm\u0101k \u2013 Visp\u0101r\u0113j\u0101 tiesa) judikat\u016br\u0101 noteikts skaidrs standarts intere\u0161u konflikta riska nov\u0113rt\u0113\u0161anai, procesu\u0101lajiem aspektiem un pat iesp\u0113jai piedz\u012bt zaud\u0113jumus par pas\u016bt\u012bt\u0101ja nolaid\u012bbu, izmekl\u0113jot intere\u0161u konfliktu. T\u0101d\u0113\u013c \u0161aj\u0101 koment\u0101r\u0101 iepaz\u012bstin\u0101\u0161u ar tr\u012bs b\u016btisk\u0101kajiem Visp\u0101r\u0113j\u0101s tiesas spriedumiem par pieg\u0101d\u0101t\u0101ju un pas\u016bt\u012bt\u0101ja intere\u0161u konfliktu un paskaidro\u0161u, kas j\u0101dara vis\u0101m iesaist\u012btaj\u0101m pus\u0113m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Intere\u0161u konflikta riska konstat\u0113\u0161ana<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apst\u0101klis, kas intere\u0161u konflikta jaut\u0101jumos mulsina ne vienu vien Latvijas pas\u016bt\u012bt\u0101ju, ir tas, ka intere\u0161u konflikts kalpo par vienu no pretendenta izsl\u0113g\u0161anas pamatiem publisk\u0101 iepirkuma proced\u016br\u0101. Lai to piem\u0113rotu, pas\u016bt\u012bt\u0101jam j\u0101v\u0113rt\u0113 intere\u0161u konflikta risks, nevis konkr\u0113ts fakts, kuru apstiprin\u0101tu k\u0101da valsts iest\u0101de. Intere\u0161u konflikts faktiski iest\u0101jas tikai tad, kad pas\u016bt\u012bt\u0101js nosl\u0113dz iepirkuma l\u012bgumu ar pieg\u0101d\u0101t\u0101ju, kur\u0161 atrodas intere\u0161u konflikt\u0101 ar to. Savuk\u0101rt l\u012bdz tam br\u012bdim juridiski m\u0113s v\u0113rt\u0113jam tikai intere\u0161u konflikta risku jeb varb\u016bt\u012bbu, ka pas\u016bt\u012bt\u0101js nosl\u0113gs iepirkuma l\u012bgumu ar to pretendentu, kur\u0161 krop\u013cojis konkurenci vai vienl\u012bdz\u012bgu attieksmi pret pretendentiem iepirkum\u0101.3<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pa\u0161reiz\u0113j\u0101 Publisko iepirkumu likuma (turpm\u0101k \u2013 PIL) 42. panta redakcijas m\u0113r\u0137is bija p\u0113c iesp\u0113jas automatiz\u0113t pas\u016bt\u012bt\u0101ja darbu gan toreiz gaid\u0101m\u0101s elektronisk\u0101s iepirkumu sist\u0113mas d\u0113\u013c, gan nov\u0113r\u0161ot pas\u016bt\u012bt\u0101ju k\u013c\u016bdas, ja iepirkuma komisij\u0101 nepiedal\u0101s jurists.4<\/a><\/sup> T\u0101d\u0113\u013c uz\u0146\u0113m\u0113ju l\u016bgumi ieviest Direkt\u012bvas 2014\/14\/ES 24. panta tekstu p\u0113c iesp\u0113jas prec\u012bzi atd\u016br\u0101s pret Iepirkumu uzraudz\u012bbas biroja un citu iesaist\u012bto pu\u0161u iebildumiem, ka tas neatbilst automatiz\u0101cijas iecerei.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0160ogad main\u012bjies ir gan vado\u0161ais politiskais sp\u0113ks Saeim\u0101 un Finan\u0161u ministrij\u0101, gan sabiedr\u012bbas piepras\u012bjums nov\u0113rst bie\u017ei izskan\u0113ju\u0161os korupcijas gad\u012bjumus publisko l\u012bdzek\u013cu t\u0113ri\u0146os. T\u0101d\u0113\u013c Finan\u0161u ministrija \u013coti m\u0113r\u0137tiec\u012bgi virza p\u0113c iesp\u0113jas pla\u0161as intere\u0161u konflikta defin\u012bcijas iek\u013cau\u0161anu PIL 25. panta pirmaj\u0101 da\u013c\u0101, atsakoties no v\u0113sturiski lietot\u0101 radinieku un dar\u012bjumu partneru uzskait\u012bjuma.5<\/a><\/sup> Iepirkumu uzraudz\u012bbas biroja praks\u0113 intere\u0161u konflikta riskus iesniedz\u0113ji parasti saredz, ja eksperts iepirkum\u0101 piedal\u0101s iepirkuma dokument\u0101cijas sagatavo\u0161an\u0101 vai pied\u0101v\u0101jumu v\u0113rt\u0113\u0161an\u0101 un vienlaikus str\u0101d\u0101 ar pretendentu konkur\u0113jo\u0161\u0101 uz\u0146\u0113mum\u0101. \u0160\u0101dam piem\u0113ram pamatoti nav saist\u012bbas ar intere\u0161u konflikta risku. Tom\u0113r Iepirkumu uzraudz\u012bbas birojs l\u012bdz \u0161im nav piem\u0113rojis ne Eiropas Savien\u012bbas Tiesas izskat\u012btaj\u0101 eVigilo liet\u0101,6<\/a><\/sup> ne citus jaun\u0101kos intere\u0161u konflikta riska nov\u0113rt\u0113\u0161anas standartus. 2020. gada s\u0101kum\u0101 Iepirkumu uzraudz\u012bbas birojs b\u016btiski main\u012bja vadl\u012bnijas par intere\u0161u konfliktu, interpret\u0113jot Publisko iepirkumu likuma 25. panta ievadu Direkt\u012bvas 2014\/14\/ES 24. panta un preambulas gaism\u0101. Tas skaidri nor\u0101d\u012bja, ka intere\u0161u konflikta risks iesp\u0113jams jebkur\u0101 iepirkuma posm\u0101 un aicin\u0101ja pas\u016bt\u012bt\u0101jus p\u0101rbaud\u012bt riskus jau iepirkumu komisijas izveid\u0113.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tom\u0113r vadl\u012bnijas par intere\u0161u konfliktu aktu\u0101lajiem jaut\u0101jumiem joproj\u0101m pie\u013cauj izsl\u0113gt no riska kontroles juristus, kas p\u0101rbauda dokumentu atbilst\u012bbu PIL, vai standartnolikuma sagatavot\u0101jus.7<\/a><\/sup> Ar\u012b PIL 25. pant\u0101 pagaid\u0101m ietvertajam uzskait\u012bjumam nav sakara ar tiem praktiskajiem piem\u0113riem, kas rada intere\u0161u konflikta riskus Eiropas Savien\u012bbas iepirkumos un man\u0101 pieredz\u0113 Latvij\u0101.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.1. Ties\u012bbu normu saturs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Visp\u0101r\u0113j\u0101 tiesa skata pras\u012bbas, kas celtas, apstr\u012bdot Eiropas Savien\u012bbas (turpm\u0101k \u2013 ES) iest\u0101\u017eu un to da\u017eneda\u017e\u0101d\u0101ko strukt\u016bru, a\u0123ent\u016bru utt. r\u012bkotos iepirkumus. T\u0101pat k\u0101 vienotaj\u0101 tirg\u016b ar\u012b ES iest\u0101\u017eu un strukt\u016bru pien\u0101kums ir izsl\u0113gt no dal\u012bbas iepirkum\u0101 jebkuru pieg\u0101d\u0101t\u0101ju, kur\u0161 atrodas intere\u0161u konflikta situ\u0101cij\u0101 ar pas\u016bt\u012bt\u0101ju un to nav iesp\u0113jams nov\u0113rst pretendentam labv\u0113l\u012bg\u0101k\u0101 veid\u0101.8<\/a><\/sup> Liet\u0101 Intrasoft Visp\u0101r\u0113j\u0101 tiesa cit\u0113ja Eiropas Komisijas Praktisk\u0101 ce\u013cve\u017ea aprakstu par intere\u0161u konflikta risku, t\u0101 nov\u0113rt\u0113\u0161anu un nov\u0113r\u0161anu:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Intere\u0161u konflikts: intere\u0161u konflikts past\u0101v, ja \u0123imenes, piesaistes, politisk\u0101s vai valsts pieder\u012bbas vai ekonomisko intere\u0161u d\u0113\u013c vai [Savien\u012bbas] finans\u0113to programmu sa\u0146\u0113m\u0113ja pieder\u012bbas jebk\u0101dai citai intere\u0161u grupai d\u0113\u013c ir apdraud\u0113ta objekt\u012bva l\u012bgumsl\u0113dz\u0113jas iest\u0101des pilnvaru izpilde vai vienl\u012bdz\u012bga attieksme pret kandid\u0101tu\/pretendentu\/pieteikuma iesniedz\u0113ju l\u012bguma sl\u0113g\u0161anas ties\u012bbu pie\u0161\u0137ir\u0161anas proced\u016br\u0101 vai l\u012bguma izpilde. Intere\u0161u konflikts past\u0101v, piem\u0113ram, ja vien\u012bba, kas piedal\u012bjusies proced\u016br\u0101 (v\u0113rt\u0113\u0161anas komiteja, l\u012bgumsl\u0113dz\u0113ja iest\u0101de utt.), pati sev vai citam var pie\u0161\u0137irt nepamatotas tie\u0161as vai netie\u0161as priek\u0161roc\u012bbas, ietekm\u0113jot proced\u016bras izn\u0101kumu; vai ja ekspertam\/sabiedr\u012bbai [ir] iesp\u0113ja sa\u0146emt iek\u0161\u0113ju inform\u0101ciju, radot negod\u012bgu konkurenci v\u0113l\u0101k\u0101s vai saist\u012bt\u0101s proced\u016br\u0101s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Piem\u0113ram, jebk\u0101da sabiedr\u012bba vai eksperts, kas ir piedal\u012bjies projekta sagatavo\u0161an\u0101 (piem\u0113ram, darba uzdevuma izstr\u0101d\u0113), ir visp\u0101r\u012bgi j\u0101izsl\u0113dz no dal\u012bbas konkurs\u0101, kur\u0161 no t\u0101 izriet, iz\u0146emot, ja tas l\u012bgumsl\u0113dz\u0113jai iest\u0101dei iesniedz pier\u0101d\u012bjumu, ka [t\u0101] iesaiste iepriek\u0161\u0113jos konkursa posmos nav negod\u012bga konkurence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kandid\u0101ts\/pretendents\/pieteikuma iesniedz\u0113js, kuram ir intere\u0161u konflikts l\u012bguma sl\u0113g\u0161ana ties\u012bbu pie\u0161\u0137ir\u0161anas\/subs\u012bdijas pie\u0161\u0137ir\u0161anas proced\u016br\u0101, ir j\u0101izsl\u0113dz no min\u0113t\u0101s proced\u016bras. Izsl\u0113g\u0161anas pamati ir j\u0101analiz\u0113, izskatot katru gad\u012bjumu atsevi\u0161\u0137i. Saska\u0146\u0101 ar Eiropas Savien\u012bbas Tiesas past\u0101v\u012bgo judikat\u016bru pretendenta izsl\u0113g\u0161anai ir j\u0101b\u016bt balst\u012btai uz past\u0101vo\u0161u intere\u0161u konflikta risku, ko pamato konkr\u0113ti lietas apst\u0101k\u013ci. Autom\u0101tiskas izsl\u0113g\u0161anas d\u0113\u013c kandid\u0101tam\/pretendentam\/pieteikuma iesniedz\u0113jam tiek liegtas ties\u012bbas iesniegt pier\u0101d\u012bjumus, ar kuriem var\u0113tu tikt nov\u0113rstas jebk\u0101das aizdomas par intere\u0161u konfliktu.”9<\/a><\/sup>\n\n\n\n

Visp\u0101r\u0113j\u0101 tiesa vair\u0101kk\u0101rt skaidrojusi, ka pas\u016bt\u012bt\u0101jam ir pien\u0101kums katr\u0101 iepirkum\u0101 [!] p\u0101rliecin\u0101ties, ka neeksist\u0113 intere\u0161u konflikta risks.10<\/a><\/sup> Pas\u016bt\u012bt\u0101jam ir ties\u012bbas izsl\u0113gt pretendentu no dal\u012bbas iepirkum\u0101, tikai ja intere\u0161u konflikta risks ir \u012bsts, nevis teor\u0113tisks. \u0160o risku konstat\u0113 p\u0113c (i) iepirkuma veida un (ii) pretendenta situ\u0101cijas izv\u0113rt\u0113\u0161anas.11<\/a><\/sup> Citiem apst\u0101k\u013ciem, piem\u0113ram, pretendenta vai pas\u016bt\u012bt\u0101ja mot\u012bviem, nav noz\u012bmes, t\u0101pat k\u0101 pretendenta labai tic\u012bbai, jo to nedr\u012bkst prezum\u0113t.12<\/a><\/sup> Ja p\u0113c izv\u0113rt\u0113juma pas\u016bt\u012bt\u0101js konstat\u0113, ka konkr\u0113tajai situ\u0101cijai nav ietekmes uz pas\u016bt\u012bt\u0101ja r\u012bc\u012bbu iepirkuma proced\u016bras laik\u0101 un ka nepast\u0101v konkurences krop\u013cojumu risks, pas\u016bt\u012bt\u0101js var turpin\u0101t v\u0113rt\u0113t pretendenta pied\u0101v\u0101jumu.13<\/a><\/sup> Protams, pas\u016bt\u012bt\u0101jam p\u0113c iesp\u0113jas j\u0101iesaista pretendents intere\u0161u konflikta situ\u0101cijas izmekl\u0113\u0161an\u0101 un j\u0101nodro\u0161ina procesu\u0101lais taisn\u012bgums.14<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.2. Riska noteik\u0161ana praks\u0113<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Visp\u0101r\u0113j\u0101s tiesas jaun\u0101kaj\u0101 praks\u0113 v\u0113los izcelt divas lietas, kuras tipiski ilustr\u0113 Eiropas Komisijas izaicin\u0101jumus intere\u0161u konflikta riska izv\u0113rt\u0113\u0161an\u0101. J\u0101\u0146em v\u0113r\u0101, ka Eiropas Komisija regul\u0101ri nodod iepirkumu dokument\u0101cijas sagatavo\u0161anu \u0101rpakalpojum\u0101 projektu apjoma un specifikas d\u0113\u013c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.2.1. Intrasoft lieta<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

ES deleg\u0101cija Serbijas Republik\u0101 sl\u0113gt\u0101 konkurs\u0101 mekl\u0113ja pieg\u0101d\u0101t\u0101ju Serbijas muitas sist\u0113mas moderniz\u0113\u0161anai 4,1 miljonu eiro v\u0113rt\u012bb\u0101. Intrasoft pirms pied\u0101v\u0101juma iesnieg\u0161anas l\u016bdza deleg\u0101ciju skaidrot, vai b\u016btu j\u0101uzskata, ka sabiedr\u012bba vai eksperts, kur\u0161 v\u0113las piedal\u012bties \u0161aj\u0101 iepirkum\u0101, ir uzskat\u0101ms par t\u0101du, kam ir intere\u0161u konflikts, jo iepriek\u0161\u0113j\u0101 konkursa proced\u016br\u0101 tas bija piedal\u012bjies projekta XY15<\/a><\/sup> izpild\u0113. Pas\u016bt\u012bt\u0101js noliedza intere\u0161u konflikta risku, jo projekt\u0101 XY nebija ietverts uzdevums sagatavot iepirkuma dokument\u0101ciju \u0161im iepirkumam. Intrasoft iesniedza savu pied\u0101v\u0101jumu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u0113l\u0101k pas\u016bt\u012bt\u0101js inform\u0113ja Intrasoft, ka izsl\u0113dz to no turpm\u0101kas dal\u012bbas iepirkum\u0101, jo pretendentam “bija privile\u0123\u0113ta piek\u013cuve vair\u0101kiem dokumentiem, kas tagad veido konkursa proced\u016bras neat\u0146emamu sast\u0101vda\u013cu un kas ir atskaites punkts, lai noteiktu darb\u012bbas, par kur\u0101m tiks nosl\u0113gti attiec\u012bgie l\u012bgumi. Privile\u0123\u0113t\u0101 piek\u013cuve, kas bija Intrasoft, bija saist\u012bta ar t\u0101s dal\u012bbu min\u0113to dokumentu izstr\u0101d\u0113 saist\u012bb\u0101 ar iepriek\u0161\u0113jo konkursu [XY]; l\u012bdz ar to l\u012bgumsl\u0113dz\u0113ja iest\u0101de [..] uzskata, ka ir izpild\u012bts nosac\u012bjums par intere\u0161u konfliktu”.16<\/a><\/sup> Pas\u016bt\u012bt\u0101js nosl\u0113dza iepirkumu l\u012bgumu ar citu pretendentu, bet Intrasoft izsl\u0113g\u0161anas l\u0113mumu un iepirkuma rezult\u0101tus p\u0101rs\u016bdz\u0113ja Visp\u0101r\u0113j\u0101 ties\u0101.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Visp\u0101r\u0113j\u0101 tiesa atc\u0113la \u0161o pas\u016bt\u012bt\u0101ja l\u0113mumu vair\u0101ku iemeslu d\u0113\u013c. Pirmk\u0101rt, pas\u016bt\u012bt\u0101js nebija iev\u0113rojis procesu\u0101l\u0101 taisn\u012bguma principu un nebija iesaist\u012bjis Intrasoft intere\u0161u konflikta riska izmekl\u0113\u0161an\u0101.17<\/a><\/sup> Visp\u0101r\u0113j\u0101s tiesas ieskat\u0101 pas\u016bt\u012bt\u0101js visp\u0101r nebija veicis konkr\u0113t\u0101 gad\u012bjuma izp\u0113ti un nebija min\u0113jis pier\u0101d\u012bjumus, kas nor\u0101da uz Intrasoft vainojam\u012bbu. Turkl\u0101t tas nevar\u0113ja paskaidrot, kas Intrasoft pied\u0101v\u0101jum\u0101 konkr\u0113ti nor\u0101d\u012bja uz papildu inform\u0101cijas pieejam\u012bbu un k\u0101 t\u0101 tika izmantota.18<\/a><\/sup>\n\n\n\n

Otrk\u0101rt, pas\u016bt\u012bt\u0101js l\u012bdz pat tiesas s\u0113dei nebija izskaidrojis Intrasoft, k\u0101 tie\u0161i privile\u0123\u0113ta piek\u013cuve visiem pretendentiem pieejamiem dokumentiem krop\u013cotu konkurenci iepirkum\u0101. Visp\u0101r\u0113j\u0101 tiesa skaidroja, ka prezumpcija, ka dokumentu sagatavot\u0101js k\u0101d\u0101 cit\u0101 iepirkum\u0101 var\u0113jis vai centies ietekm\u0113t jauno iepirkumu, ir teor\u0113tiska un nav pietiekama intere\u0161u konflikta konstat\u0113\u0161anai.19<\/a><\/sup> Proti, pretendents nevar\u0113ja pare\u0123ot vai nojaust, ko pas\u016bt\u012bt\u0101js dar\u012bs ar projekta XY dokument\u0101ciju t\u0101 izpildes laik\u0101 vai ka jauns iepirkums par Serbijas muitas moderniz\u0101ciju visp\u0101r notiks.20<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Visp\u0101r\u0113j\u0101 tiesa uzsv\u0113ra, ka pas\u016bt\u012bt\u0101jam b\u016btu pamats konstat\u0113t intere\u0161u konflikta risku, ja iepriek\u0161 sagatavotie dokumenti b\u016btu (i) gatavoti tie\u0161i konkr\u0113tajam iepirkumam un (ii) sniegtu pretendentam re\u0101las priek\u0161roc\u012bbas k\u013c\u016bt par iepirkuma uzvar\u0113t\u0101ju.21<\/a><\/sup> Parasti par \u0161\u0101diem dokumentiem atz\u012bst iepirkuma tehnisko specifik\u0101ciju vai t\u0101s sast\u0101vda\u013cas (\u0123eolo\u0123isk\u0101s izp\u0113tes, lietot\u0101ju aptauju u.c.). Turkl\u0101t Intrasoft projekt\u0101 XY piedal\u012bj\u0101s tikai k\u0101 personu apvien\u012bbas dal\u012bbnieks, un pas\u016bt\u012bt\u0101js nepier\u0101d\u012bja, ka tie\u0161i Intrasoft vai t\u0101 eksperti sagatavoja jaunaj\u0101 iepirkum\u0101 izmantotos dokumentus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u0101tad pas\u016bt\u012bt\u0101js nebija konstat\u0113jis konkr\u0113tu un \u012bstu intere\u0161u konfliktu risku, bet gan tikai att\u0101lin\u0101tu un teor\u0113tisku iesp\u0113jam\u012bbu, kurai nav pier\u0101d\u012bjumu par konkr\u0113tu priek\u0161roc\u012bbu ieg\u016b\u0161anu iepirkum\u0101. Pas\u016bt\u012bt\u0101jiem j\u0101piev\u0113r\u0161 uzman\u012bba tam, k\u0101 procesu\u0101li notiek intere\u0161u konflikta riska izmekl\u0113\u0161ana. Vienm\u0113r ir j\u0101dod iesp\u0113ja pretendentam izskaidrot intere\u0161u konflikta riska es\u012bbu un veidus, k\u0101 tas tos ir nov\u0113rsis. Ja pas\u016bt\u012bt\u0101js nodod iepirkuma dokument\u0101cijas sagatavo\u0161anu \u0101rpakalpojum\u0101, tad iesp\u0113jams br\u012bdin\u0101t izpild\u012bt\u0101ju par liegumu piedal\u012bties n\u0101kamaj\u0101 iepirkum\u0101 intere\u0161u konflikta riska d\u0113\u013c un uzlikt \u0101rpakalpojuma sniedz\u0113jam augst\u0101kus atkl\u0101t\u012bbas pien\u0101kumus \u2013 iesaist\u012bt\u0101 person\u0101la uzskaiti, konfidencialit\u0101tes pien\u0101kumus. Savuk\u0101rt pretendentam, kur\u0161 non\u0101cis intere\u0161u konflikta riska nov\u0113rt\u0113juma proces\u0101, j\u0101c\u012bn\u0101s l\u012bdz galam par iesp\u0113ju nov\u0113rst risku bez izsl\u0113g\u0161anas no iepirkuma proced\u016bras un, ja nepiecie\u0161ams, j\u0101apstr\u012bd iepirkuma rezult\u0101ti Iepirkumu uzraudz\u012bbas biroj\u0101.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.2.2. European Dynamics Luxembourg lieta<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eiropas Savien\u012bbas Intelektu\u0101l\u0101 \u012bpa\u0161uma birojs (turpm\u0101k \u2013 EUIPO) sl\u0113dza visp\u0101r\u0113jo vieno\u0161anos ar trim uz\u0146\u0113mumiem par pla\u0161u IT pakalpojumu kl\u0101stu snieg\u0161anu. European Dynamics koncerna uz\u0146\u0113mumi neieguva ties\u012bbas sl\u0113gt iepirkuma l\u012bgumu, jo to pied\u0101v\u0101jums bija ceturtais saimnieciski izdev\u012bg\u0101kais. European Dynamics p\u0101rs\u016bdz\u0113ja iepirkuma rezult\u0101tus, jo, vi\u0146upr\u0101t, EUIPO bija j\u0101izsl\u0113dz no dal\u012bbas iepirkum\u0101 pieg\u0101d\u0101t\u0101ju apvien\u012bba Drasis. Drasis apvien\u012bb\u0101 ietilpa PriceWaterhouseCoopers (turpm\u0101k \u2013 PWC) koncerna Sp\u0101nijas sabiedr\u012bba, savuk\u0101rt PWC koncerna Lielbrit\u0101nijas un Be\u013c\u0123ijas sabiedr\u012bbas sagatavoja \u0161\u012b iepirkuma tehnisko specifik\u0101ciju. Proti, apvien\u012bb\u0101 Drasis ietilpsto\u0161\u0101 PWC Sp\u0101nija rad\u012bja intere\u0161u konflikta risku, un tas ir pietiekams iemesls apvien\u012bbas izsl\u0113g\u0161anai no turpm\u0101kas dal\u012bbas iepirkum\u0101.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At\u0161\u0137ir\u012bb\u0101 no Intrasoft lietas European Dynamics liet\u0101 pieg\u0101d\u0101t\u0101js str\u012bd\u0113j\u0101s par pas\u016bt\u012bt\u0101ja nolaid\u012bbu intere\u0161u konflikta riska neizmekl\u0113\u0161an\u0101 un attiec\u012bg\u0101 pretendenta neizsl\u0113g\u0161anu no dal\u012bbas iepirkum\u0101. Visp\u0101r\u0113j\u0101 tiesa piekrita, ka struktur\u0101las saites starp iepirkuma dokument\u0101cijas sagatavot\u0101ju (PWC Lielbrit\u0101nija un PWC Be\u013c\u0123iju, kuras ir PWC koncerna da\u013cas) un vienu no personu apvien\u012bbas biedriem (PWC Sp\u0101nija) ir pamats intere\u0161u konflikta izv\u0113rt\u0113\u0161anas uzs\u0101k\u0161anai.22<\/a><\/sup> Tom\u0113r t\u0101s nevar kalpot par autom\u0101tisku pamatu pretendenta izsl\u0113g\u0161anai no turpm\u0101kas dal\u012bbas iepirkum\u0101.23<\/a><\/sup> EUIPO bija konstat\u0113jis struktur\u0101las saites starp PWC koncerna uz\u0146\u0113mumiem un uzs\u0101cis izmekl\u0113\u0161anu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pirmk\u0101rt, Visp\u0101r\u0113j\u0101 tiesa piekrita EUIPO, ka PWC Lielbrit\u0101nijas un PWC Be\u013c\u0123ijas uzdevums sagatavot tehnisko specifik\u0101ciju tika izpild\u012bts pirms vair\u0101kiem gadiem. T\u0101d\u0113\u013c bez papildu pier\u0101d\u012bjumiem koncerna saites vien nevar kalpot par pamatu pretendenta izsl\u0113g\u0161anai.24<\/a><\/sup> \u0160aj\u0101 gad\u012bjum\u0101 EUIPO un PWC uz\u0146\u0113mumi apliecin\u0101ja, ka nesniedza inform\u0101ciju PWC Sp\u0101nijas uz\u0146\u0113mumam, jo tas p\u0101rk\u0101ptu konfidencialit\u0101tes saist\u012bbas l\u012bgum\u0101 ar EUIPO. Savuk\u0101rt apvien\u012bba Drasis nor\u0101d\u012bja, ka piesaist\u012bja PWC Sp\u0101nija apvien\u012bbai tikai se\u0161as dienas pirms pied\u0101v\u0101jumu iesnieg\u0161anas termi\u0146a, kas ir p\u0101r\u0101k \u012bss laiks, lai ietekm\u0113tu pied\u0101v\u0101juma saturu un taj\u0101 pied\u0101v\u0101tos ekspertus.25<\/a><\/sup> Liet\u0101 nebija pier\u0101d\u012bjumu, ka apvien\u012bbai Drasis b\u016btu biju\u0161as konkurences priek\u0161roc\u012bbas \u2013 t\u0101 sa\u0146\u0113ma tre\u0161\u0101 saimnieciski izdev\u012bg\u0101k\u0101 pied\u0101v\u0101juma v\u0113rt\u0113jumu.26<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di \u0161aj\u0101 liet\u0101 Visp\u0101r\u0113j\u0101 tiesa novirz\u012bja pier\u0101d\u012b\u0161anas pien\u0101kumu uz pieteic\u0113ju \u2013 European Dynamics, kur\u0161 k\u0101 pretendents, kas neieguva ties\u012bbas sl\u0113gt iepirkuma l\u012bgumu, nor\u0101d\u012bja uz intere\u0161u konfliktu. Tas piem\u0113rojams ar\u012b PIL regul\u0113to intere\u0161u konfliktu gad\u012bjumos, ja konkurents p\u0101rs\u016bdz k\u013c\u016bdas pas\u016bt\u012bt\u0101ja veiktaj\u0101 intere\u0161u konflikta riska izv\u0113rt\u0113jum\u0101. Latvij\u0101 \u0161\u0101du pier\u0101d\u012b\u0161anas nastu b\u016btu gr\u016bti nest, jo \u0101rpakalpojuma l\u012bgumi par pied\u0101v\u0101jumu sagatavo\u0161anu liel\u0101koties ir zem l\u012bgumcenas robe\u017e\u0101m un netiek public\u0113ti. Inform\u0101cijas pieejam\u012bbu var\u0113tu risin\u0101t inform\u0101cijas piepras\u012b\u0161ana ar zv\u0113rin\u0101tu advok\u0101ta starpniec\u012bbu vai jau tiesved\u012bbas laik\u0101.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kopum\u0101 gan \u0161\u012bs atzi\u0146as uzsver nosac\u012bjumus \u0101rpakalpojuma l\u012bguma par iepirkuma dokument\u0101ciju sagatavo\u0161anai. Pat ja iepirkuma komisija un iesaist\u012bju\u0161ies sagatavot\u0101ji ir parakst\u012bju\u0161i PIL 25. panta tre\u0161aj\u0101 da\u013c\u0101 paredz\u0113to apliecin\u0101jumu par intere\u0161u konflikta nees\u012bbu, \u0101rpakalpojuma l\u012bguma nosac\u012bjumi tiesas v\u0113rt\u0113jum\u0101 visdr\u012bz\u0101k b\u016bs p\u0101rliecino\u0161\u0101ki pier\u0101d\u012bjumi par grupas uz\u0146\u0113mumu pien\u0101kumu norobe\u017eoties citam no cita. Kopum\u0101 \u0161\u012b lieta ir labs piem\u0113rs izmekl\u0113\u0161anas standartam, tom\u0113r te ir jaut\u0101jums, vai intere\u0161u konflikta liet\u0101s pier\u0101d\u012b\u0161anas standarts ir form\u0101ls, vai tom\u0113r ir nepiecie\u0161ami objekt\u012bvi pier\u0101d\u012bjumi, ka riska nav vai ka to var nov\u0113rst. Uz to rad\u012bsim atbildes n\u0101kamaj\u0101 liet\u0101.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Pas\u016bt\u012bt\u0101ja atbild\u012bba par intere\u0161u konflikta riska neizmekl\u0113\u0161anu \u2013 Vakaki<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lieta par iesp\u0113jamu korupciju vai vismaz favor\u012btismu konkr\u0113t\u0101 iepirkum\u0101 non\u0101ca Visp\u0101r\u0113j\u0101 ties\u0101 2015. gad\u0101. ES deleg\u0101cija Alb\u0101nij\u0101 iepirka konsult\u0101cijas Alb\u0101nijas p\u0101rtikas nekait\u012bguma iest\u0101des konsolid\u0113\u0161anai. Pirms tam uz\u0146\u0113mums A izpild\u012bja iepirkuma l\u012bgumu par Alb\u0101nijas p\u0101rtikas dro\u0161\u012bbas iest\u0101des dibin\u0101\u0161anu, kura \u012bsteno\u0161an\u0101 piedal\u012bj\u0101s eksperts P. Kad konsolid\u0113\u0161anas iepirkum\u0101 ieinteres\u0113tie pieg\u0101d\u0101t\u0101ji atv\u0113ra iepirkuma dokument\u0101ciju, vi\u0146i paman\u012bja, ka tehnisk\u0101s specifik\u0101cijas MS Word dokumenta autors ir eksperts P.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Divi pretendenti, ieskaitot Grie\u0137ijas sabiedr\u012bbu Vakakis, s\u016bdz\u0113j\u0101s par to pas\u016bt\u012bt\u0101jam. Tas vien nor\u0101d\u012bja, ka eksperts P. bija piesaist\u012bts da\u017eu pras\u012bbu koment\u0113\u0161anai, ka visa \u0161\u012b inform\u0101cija tagad ir pieejama p\u0101r\u0113jiem pieg\u0101d\u0101t\u0101jiem, un beigu gal\u0101 eksperts P. tika nor\u012bkots k\u0101 uz\u0146\u0113muma A projektu vad\u012bt\u0101js konkr\u0113taj\u0101 iepirkum\u0101 tikai p\u0113c pretendentu atlases. Eiropas Savien\u012bbas Ombuds paral\u0113l\u0101 proced\u016br\u0101 konstat\u0113ja intere\u0161u konflikta risku iepirkum\u0101.27<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0113c tam, kad Vakakis neieguva ties\u012bbas sl\u0113gt iepirkuma l\u012bgumu, tas c\u0113la zaud\u0113jumu atl\u012bdz\u012bbas pras\u012bbu Visp\u0101r\u0113j\u0101 ties\u0101, prasot atl\u012bdzin\u0101t (i) izmaksas par piedal\u012b\u0161anos iepirkum\u0101, (ii) izmaksas par lietas ve\u0161anu Visp\u0101r\u0113j\u0101 ties\u0101, (iii) atrauto pe\u013c\u0146u un (iv) zaud\u0113to iesp\u0113ju nosl\u0113gt iepirkuma l\u012bgumu, pieskaitot kl\u0101t asto\u0146us likumiskos procentus. L\u012bdz ar to \u0161\u012b lieta ir ne tikai par intere\u0161u konflikta risku nov\u0113rt\u0113\u0161anu, bet ar\u012b iesp\u0113ju pretendentam pras\u012bt zaud\u0113jumus (nevis iepirkuma l\u012bguma nosl\u0113g\u0161anu vai proced\u016bras p\u0101rtrauk\u0161anu) intere\u0161u konflikta gad\u012bjum\u0101.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Visp\u0101r\u0113j\u0101s tiesas judikat\u016br\u0101 ES atbild\u012bba par deliktu iesp\u0113jama tad, ja t\u0101s iest\u0101des akts vai r\u012bc\u012bba ir prettiesiska un past\u0101v c\u0113loniskais sakars starp to un zaud\u0113jumiem.28<\/a><\/sup> Prettiesisku aktu vai r\u012bc\u012bbu konstat\u0113, ja b\u016btiski p\u0101rk\u0101ptas ties\u012bbu normas, kas pie\u0161\u0137ir subjekt\u012bvas ties\u012bbas k\u0101dai personai.29<\/a><\/sup> B\u016btiskumu konstat\u0113, ja, piem\u0113ram, iest\u0101de ac\u012bmredzami un b\u016btiski nav iev\u0113rojusi t\u0101s r\u012bc\u012bbas br\u012bv\u012bbas robe\u017eas.30<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vakakis pras\u012bba p\u0113c b\u016bt\u012bbas bija balst\u012bta uz t\u0101du nolaid\u012bbu iepirkuma proced\u016bras veik\u0161an\u0101 un intere\u0161u konflikta riska pie\u013cau\u0161anu par labu uz\u0146\u0113mumam A,31<\/a><\/sup> kas p\u0101rk\u0101pusi labas p\u0101rvald\u012bbas principu Eiropas Savien\u012bbas Pamatties\u012bbu hartas 41. panta izpratn\u0113.32<\/a><\/sup> K\u0101 skaidroja Visp\u0101r\u0113j\u0101 tiesa, “ja tiek konstat\u0113ts, ka parasti piesardz\u012bga un r\u016bp\u012bga iest\u0101de l\u012bdz\u012bgos apst\u0101k\u013cos \u0161\u0101du prettiesiskumu neb\u016btu pie\u013c\u0101vusi, ir iesp\u0113jams secin\u0101t, ka iest\u0101des r\u012bc\u012bba veido t\u0101du p\u0101rk\u0101pumu, kura rezult\u0101t\u0101 atbilsto\u0161i LESD 340. pantam var iest\u0101ties Savien\u012bbas atbild\u012bba”.33<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Visp\u0101r\u0113j\u0101 tiesa \u0161aj\u0101 liet\u0101 konstat\u0113ja, ka pas\u016bt\u012bt\u0101js zin\u0101ja (un tam bija j\u0101zina), ka eksperts P. str\u0101d\u0101 uz\u0146\u0113mum\u0101 A. Tie\u0161i t\u0101 iemesla d\u0113\u013c pas\u016bt\u012bt\u0101js bija l\u016bdzis P. koment\u0113t tehnisk\u0101s specifik\u0101cijas pras\u012bbu projektu.34<\/a><\/sup> Izskatot Vakakis s\u016bdz\u012bbu, pas\u016bt\u012bt\u0101js bija izmekl\u0113jis intere\u0161u konflikta risku, sarakstoties ar uz\u0146\u0113mumu A., un proced\u016bras dokument\u0101cij\u0101 atk\u0101rtoja t\u0101 argumentus.35<\/a><\/sup> Pas\u016bt\u012bt\u0101js uzskat\u012bja, ka tam nav ex officio pien\u0101kuma izmekl\u0113t \u0161o risku s\u012bk\u0101k.Tom\u0113r Visp\u0101r\u0113j\u0101s tiesas ieskat\u0101 \u0161\u0101du pien\u0101kumu tai rada iepirkumus regul\u0113jo\u0161o ties\u012bbu aktu principi \u2013 atkl\u0101t\u012bba, vien\u0101da attieksme un sam\u0113r\u012bgums.36<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Izr\u0101d\u012bj\u0101s, ka pas\u016bt\u012bt\u0101jam nav pieejams neviens objekt\u012bvs pier\u0101d\u012bjums, ka eksperta P. koment\u0101ri par tehnisko specifik\u0101ciju aprobe\u017eoju\u0161ies ar izmai\u0146\u0101m divos t\u0101s punktos. Gan citi pretendenti sav\u0101s s\u016bdz\u012bb\u0101s, gan Visp\u0101r\u0113j\u0101 tiesa konstat\u0113ja citas izmai\u0146as tehniskaj\u0101 specifik\u0101cij\u0101, kuru izcelsmi pas\u016bt\u012bt\u0101js nevar\u0113ja pier\u0101d\u012bt37<\/a><\/sup> vai uzr\u0101d\u012bt \u0161o inform\u0101ciju teksta redaktora form\u0101t\u0101.38<\/a><\/sup> Tas ar\u012b liedza pas\u016bt\u012bt\u0101jam izv\u0113rt\u0113t, vai uz\u0146\u0113mumam A bija nepamatota priek\u0161roc\u012bba dal\u012bbai konkr\u0113taj\u0101 iepirkum\u0101.39<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Visp\u0101r\u0113j\u0101s tiesas v\u0101rdiem, “no visiem \u0161iem apst\u0101k\u013ciem izriet, ka izskat\u0101m\u0101s lietas apst\u0101k\u013cos, neveicot p\u0101rbaudes p\u0113c sabiedr\u012bbas A. un P. pazi\u0146ojumiem, kuros tie apliecin\u0101ja intere\u0161u konflikta neesam\u012bbu, p\u0113c savas ierosmes neveicot izmekl\u0113\u0161anu, lai noteiktu, vai min\u0113t\u0101 sabiedr\u012bba ir atradusies intere\u0161u konflikta situ\u0101cij\u0101, un neveicot izmekl\u0113\u0161anu, kas \u013cautu dro\u0161i noteikt, ka P. iesaist\u012b\u0161an\u0101s darba uzdevuma izstr\u0101d\u0113 nav rad\u012bjusi intere\u0161u konfliktu, [pas\u016bt\u012bt\u0101js] pie\u013c\u0101va p\u0101rk\u0101pumu, ko parasti piesardz\u012bga un r\u016bp\u012bga iest\u0101de l\u012bdz\u012bgos apst\u0101k\u013cos neb\u016btu pie\u013c\u0101vusi. \u0160\u0101ds p\u0101rk\u0101pums ir j\u0101kvalific\u0113 k\u0101 ac\u012bmredzams un smags pien\u0101kuma iev\u0113rot pien\u0101c\u012bgu r\u016bp\u012bbu p\u0101rk\u0101pums, un t\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di tas ir pietiekami b\u016btisks \u0161\u012b pien\u0101kuma, labas p\u0101rvald\u012bbas principa un Hartas 41. panta p\u0101rk\u0101pums”.40<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u0101l\u0101k spriedum\u0101 Visp\u0101r\u0113j\u0101 tiesa iztirz\u0101ja zaud\u0113jumu atl\u012bdz\u012bbas iesp\u0113jas. T\u0101 piesprieda Eiropas Komisijai atl\u012bdzin\u0101t Vakakis 233 711 eiro par zaud\u0113to iesp\u0113ju nosl\u0113gt iepirkuma l\u012bgumu (k\u0101 atsevi\u0161\u0137u zaud\u0113jumu veidu) un 10 642 eiro k\u0101 izmaksas un izdevumus par dal\u012bbu iepirkum\u0101, pieskaitot kl\u0101t procentus.41<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lai cik ar\u012b interesanta b\u016btu \u0161\u012bs lietas zaud\u0113jumu atl\u012bdzin\u0101\u0161anas apr\u0113\u0137ina sada\u013ca, tom\u0113r lietas apst\u0101k\u013ci man k\u0101 las\u012bt\u0101jai rad\u012bja \u0161aubas, vai \u0161aj\u0101 liet\u0101 neb\u016btu saskat\u0101mas ar\u012b iesp\u0113jamas korupcijas paz\u012bmes. Ja Eiropas Komisijai nebija pieejama pas\u016bt\u012bt\u0101ja sarakste ar ekspertu P. un anal\u012bze par tehnisk\u0101s specifik\u0101cijas redakcijas izmai\u0146\u0101m, man tas rada ba\u017eas par pas\u016bt\u012bt\u0101ja godapr\u0101tu. N\u0101kotnes PIL izmai\u0146u kontekst\u0101 \u0161is noteikti ir ar\u012b \u013coti slikts piem\u0113rs, k\u0101 pas\u016bt\u012bt\u0101jiem r\u012bkot “apspriedi ar ieinteres\u0113tajiem pieg\u0101d\u0101t\u0101jiem” jeb konsult\u0101cijas ar ekspertu par nolikuma vai tehnisk\u0101s specifik\u0101cijas pras\u012bb\u0101m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jebk\u0101ds intere\u0161u konflikta riska v\u0113rt\u0113jums balst\u012btos uz objekt\u012bviem pier\u0101d\u012bjumiem, kas Vakakis liet\u0101 b\u016btu tehnisk\u0101s specifik\u0101cijas projekti teksta redaktora form\u0101t\u0101 ar skaidri izsekojamiem autoriem katrai veiktajai izmai\u0146ai. Sal\u012bdzinot ar European Dynamics lietu, vai \u0101rpakalpojuma l\u012bgums par tehnisk\u0101s specifik\u0101cijas sagatavo\u0161anu joproj\u0101m ir gana objekt\u012bvs intere\u0161u konflikta riska nees\u012bbas pier\u0101d\u012bjums? Man\u0101 pieredz\u0113 pas\u016bt\u012bt\u0101jiem sekot pieg\u0101d\u0101t\u0101ju intere\u0161u konfliktiem vislab\u0101k pal\u012bdz zi\u0146ojumi par l\u012bguma izpildes progresu un l\u012bgumiskas pras\u012bbas vad\u012bt t\u0101 izpildi konkr\u0113tiem pieteiktiem ekspertiem, piem\u0113ram, k\u0101 RB Rail AS iepirkumos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ja Vakakis liet\u0101 b\u016btu skaidrs eksperta P. pienesums, Visp\u0101r\u0113j\u0101 tiesa v\u0101r\u0113tu v\u0113rt\u0113t, vai b\u016btu iesp\u0113jams nov\u0113rst intere\u0161u konflikta risku, neizsl\u0113dzot pretendentu no dal\u012bbas konkurs\u0101, k\u0101 tas ar\u012b ir noteikts PIL 18. panta ceturtaj\u0101 da\u013c\u0101. Uz\u0146\u0113mums A. bija iemin\u0113jies, ka eksperts P. b\u016btu uz\u0146\u0113mies iepirkuma l\u012bguma izpildes vad\u012b\u0161anu, kas liek noprast, ka vi\u0146\u0161 nebija min\u0113ts uz\u0146\u0113muma A. pied\u0101v\u0101jum\u0101. Pat ja tas b\u016btu pie\u013caujams Visp\u0101r\u0113j\u0101s tiesas v\u0113rt\u0113jum\u0101, Latvij\u0101 reti iesp\u0113jams nomin\u0113t projektu vad\u012bt\u0101ju p\u0113c uzvaras iepirkum\u0101, jo pas\u016bt\u012bt\u0101ji parasti izvirza pras\u012bbas vair\u0101ku miljonu eiro v\u0113rtu iepirkumu projekta vad\u012bt\u0101jiem. T\u0101tad, mainot pieteikto projekta vad\u012bt\u0101ju uz intere\u0161u konflikta risku rad\u012bju\u0161o ekspertu, pas\u016bt\u012bt\u0101js secin\u0101tu, ka intere\u0161u konflikts ir materializ\u0113jies, un tam b\u016btu j\u0101noraida eksperta aizst\u0101\u0161ana vai j\u0101apsver vienpus\u0113ja atk\u0101p\u0161an\u0101s no iepirkuma l\u012bguma.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Tirgus izp\u0113te nov\u0113r\u0161 intere\u0161u konflikta risku<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ko Latvijas pas\u016bt\u012bt\u0101ji un pieg\u0101d\u0101t\u0101ji var secin\u0101t no \u0161\u012bm liet\u0101m? Pirmk\u0101rt, visiem j\u0101b\u016bt modriem, ja iepirkuma dokument\u0101ciju vai t\u0101s da\u013cu pas\u016bt\u012bt\u0101js ieguvis \u0101rpakalpojum\u0101. Pas\u016bt\u012bt\u0101js var\u0113tu mazin\u0101t \u0161o risku, r\u012bkojot tirgus aptauju PIL 18. panta otr\u0101s da\u013cas k\u0101rt\u012bb\u0101. Starp citu, ar\u012b PIL turpm\u0101k piepras\u012bs detaliz\u0113t\u0101k pas\u016bt\u012bt\u0101jiem da\u017eos gad\u012bjumos p\u0101rtraukt iepirkumu, kur\u0101 ir tikai viens pieg\u0101d\u0101t\u0101js. T\u0101 nu apspriede ar pieg\u0101d\u0101t\u0101jiem \u013cautu mazin\u0101t visus ar korupciju, intere\u0161u konfliktu un favor\u012btismu saist\u012btos riskus. Otrk\u0101rt, pas\u016bt\u012bt\u0101jiem j\u0101izmekl\u0113 jebkur\u0161 pretendentu vai trauksmes c\u0113l\u0113ju zi\u0146ojums par iesp\u0113jamu intere\u0161u konflikta risku iepirkum\u0101. K\u0101 redz\u0113j\u0101t, Intersoft un European Dynamics lietu galven\u0101 at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bba bija izmekl\u0113\u0161anas fakt\u0101 un kvalit\u0101t\u0113, l\u012bdz ar to vieglpr\u0101t\u012bga attieksme pret \u0161\u0101du inform\u0101ciju var apdraud\u0113t visu iepirkumu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tre\u0161k\u0101rt, pieg\u0101d\u0101t\u0101jiem j\u0101konkur\u0113 gudr\u0101k. Advok\u0101ta praks\u0113 regul\u0101ri dzirdu par gad\u012bjumiem, kad viens un tas pats darbinieks str\u0101d\u0101 gan par pas\u016bt\u012bt\u0101ju konsultantu, gan pieg\u0101d\u0101t\u0101ju uz\u0146\u0113mum\u0101 un nek\u0101di apliecin\u0101jumi PIL 25. panta tre\u0161\u0101s da\u013cas izpratn\u0113 netiek iev\u0113roti. \u0160\u0101di gad\u012bjumi var non\u0101kt gan Korupcijas nov\u0113r\u0161anas un apkaro\u0161anas biroja redzeslok\u0101, gan ieinteres\u0113t Konkurences padomi, ja kop\u012bgais darbinieks iesaist\u012bts pas\u016bt\u012bt\u0101ja kuku\u013co\u0161an\u0101 vai \u012bsteno nozares vieno\u0161anos par tirgus sadali. L\u012bdz ar to v\u0113rts pac\u012bn\u012bties par god\u012bg\u0101m iepirkuma pras\u012bb\u0101m nevis caur iepirkuma dokument\u0101cijas piel\u0101go\u0161anu sav\u0101m vajadz\u012bb\u0101m, bet gan atkl\u0101tu sarunu ar pas\u016bt\u012bt\u0101ju pieg\u0101d\u0101t\u0101ju apspried\u0113 vai apstr\u012bdot nolikuma pras\u012bbas Iepirkumu uzraudz\u012bbas biroj\u0101.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ties\u012bbu normu sal\u012bdzin\u0101jums<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Direkt\u012bva 2014\/24\/ES<\/strong><\/td>Publisko iepirkumu likums<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
57. panta 4. apak\u0161punkts: L\u012bgumsl\u0113dz\u0113jas iest\u0101des no dal\u012bbas iepirkuma proced\u016br\u0101 var izsl\u0113gt vai dal\u012bbvalstis var t\u0101m pras\u012bt izsl\u0113gt ikvienu ekonomikas dal\u012bbnieku, kas non\u0101cis jebkur\u0101 no \u0161\u0101d\u0101m situ\u0101cij\u0101m: [..] ja intere\u0161u konfliktu 24. panta izpratn\u0113 nevar efekt\u012bvi izlabot ar citiem maz\u0101k ierobe\u017eojo\u0161iem pas\u0101kumiem;<\/td>42. panta pirm\u0101 da\u013ca: Pas\u016bt\u012bt\u0101js izsl\u0113dz kandid\u0101tu vai pretendentu no dal\u012bbas iepirkuma proced\u016br\u0101 jebkur\u0101 no \u0161\u0101diem gad\u012bjumiem: [..] 4) iepirkuma proced\u016bras dokumentu sagatavot\u0101js (pas\u016bt\u012bt\u0101ja amatpersona vai darbinieks), iepirkuma komisijas loceklis vai eksperts ir saist\u012bts ar kandid\u0101tu vai pretendentu \u0161\u0101 likuma 25. panta pirm\u0101s vai otr\u0101s da\u013cas izpratn\u0113 vai ir ieinteres\u0113ts k\u0101da kandid\u0101ta vai pretendenta izv\u0113l\u0113, un pas\u016bt\u012bt\u0101jam nav iesp\u0113jams nov\u0113rst \u0161o situ\u0101ciju ar kandid\u0101tu vai pretendentu maz\u0101k ierobe\u017eojo\u0161iem pas\u0101kumiem; 5) kandid\u0101tam vai pretendentam ir konkurenci ierobe\u017eojo\u0161as priek\u0161roc\u012bbas iepirkuma proced\u016br\u0101, ja tas vai ar to saist\u012bta juridisk\u0101 persona iesaist\u012bj\u0101s iepirkuma proced\u016bras sagatavo\u0161an\u0101 saska\u0146\u0101 ar \u0161\u0101 likuma 18. panta ceturto da\u013cu un \u0161\u012bs priek\u0161roc\u012bbas nevar nov\u0113rst ar maz\u0101k ierobe\u017eojo\u0161iem pas\u0101kumiem, un kandid\u0101ts vai pretendents nevar pier\u0101d\u012bt, ka t\u0101 vai ar to saist\u012btas juridisk\u0101s personas dal\u012bba iepirkuma proced\u016bras sagatavo\u0161an\u0101 neierobe\u017eo konkurenci; [..]<\/td><\/tr>
24. panta 2. apak\u0161punkts: Intere\u0161u konflikta j\u0113dziens ietver vismaz visas t\u0101s situ\u0101cijas, kad l\u012bgumsl\u0113dz\u0113jas iest\u0101des person\u0101la locek\u013ciem vai t\u0101da iepirkumu pakalpojumu sniedz\u0113ja person\u0101la locek\u013ciem, kas r\u012bkojas l\u012bgumsl\u0113dz\u0113jas iest\u0101des v\u0101rd\u0101, kuri ir iesaist\u012bti iepirkuma proced\u016bras r\u012bko\u0161an\u0101 vai var ietekm\u0113t \u0161\u012bs proced\u016bras izn\u0101kumu, ir tie\u0161a vai netie\u0161a finansi\u0101la, ekonomiska vai cita veida personiska ieinteres\u0113t\u012bba, ko var uzskat\u012bt par t\u0101du, kas kompromit\u0113 vi\u0146u objektivit\u0101ti un neatkar\u012bbu iepirkuma proced\u016bras kontekst\u0101.<\/td>25. panta pirm\u0101, otr\u0101 un tre\u0161\u0101 da\u013ca: (1) Iepirkuma proced\u016bras dokumentu sagatavot\u0101js (pas\u016bt\u012bt\u0101ja amatpersona vai darbinieks), iepirkuma komisijas locek\u013ci un eksperti nedr\u012bkst p\u0101rst\u0101v\u0113t kandid\u0101ta vai pretendenta intereses, k\u0101 ar\u012b nedr\u012bkst b\u016bt saist\u012bti ar kandid\u0101tu vai pretendentu. \u0160\u012bs da\u013cas izpratn\u0113 iepirkuma proced\u016bras dokumentu sagatavot\u0101js (pas\u016bt\u012bt\u0101ja amatpersona vai darbinieks), iepirkuma komisijas loceklis un eksperts ir saist\u012bts ar kandid\u0101tu vai pretendentu, ja vi\u0146\u0161 ir: 1) juridisk\u0101s personas \u2013 kandid\u0101ta, pretendenta vai apak\u0161uz\u0146\u0113m\u0113ja \u2013 pa\u0161reiz\u0113jais vai biju\u0161ais darbinieks, amatpersona, dal\u012bbnieks, akcion\u0101rs, prok\u016brists vai biedrs un ja \u0161\u012b saist\u012bba ar juridisko personu izbeigusies p\u0113d\u0113jo 24 m\u0113ne\u0161u laik\u0101; 2) juridisk\u0101s personas \u2013 kandid\u0101ta, pretendenta vai apak\u0161uz\u0146\u0113m\u0113ja \u2013 akcion\u0101ra, kuram pieder vismaz 10 procenti akciju, dal\u012bbnieka, prok\u016brista vai amatpersonas t\u0113vs, m\u0101te, vec\u0101m\u0101te, vecaist\u0113vs, b\u0113rns, mazb\u0113rns, adopt\u0113tais, adopt\u0113t\u0101js, br\u0101lis, m\u0101sa, pusbr\u0101lis, pusm\u0101sa, laul\u0101tais (turpm\u0101k \u2013 radinieks); 3) fizisk\u0101s personas \u2013 kandid\u0101ta, pretendenta vai apak\u0161uz\u0146\u0113m\u0113ja \u2013 radinieks. (2) Iepirkuma proced\u016bras dokumentu sagatavot\u0101ja (pas\u016bt\u012bt\u0101ja amatpersonas vai darbinieka), iepirkuma komisijas locek\u013cu un ekspertu saist\u012bba ar kandid\u0101tu vai pretendentu attiecas ar\u012b uz gad\u012bjumiem, kad kandid\u0101ts vai pretendents ir personu apvien\u012bba, kuras dal\u012bbnieki ir fizisk\u0101s vai juridisk\u0101s personas, ar kur\u0101m iepirkuma proced\u016bras dokumentu sagatavot\u0101jam (pas\u016bt\u012bt\u0101ja amatpersonai vai darbiniekam) vai komisijas loceklim, vai ekspertam ir \u0161\u0101 panta pirm\u0101s da\u013cas 1., 2. vai 3. punkt\u0101 min\u0113t\u0101 saist\u012bba. (3) Iepirkuma proced\u016bras dokumentu sagatavot\u0101js (pas\u016bt\u012bt\u0101ja amatpersona vai darbinieks), iepirkuma komisijas locek\u013ci un eksperti paraksta apliecin\u0101jumu, ka nav t\u0101du apst\u0101k\u013cu, kuru d\u0113\u013c var\u0113tu uzskat\u012bt, ka vi\u0146i ir ieinteres\u0113ti konkr\u0113ta kandid\u0101ta vai pretendenta izv\u0113l\u0113 vai darb\u012bb\u0101 vai ka vi\u0146i ir saist\u012bti ar tiem \u0161\u0101 panta pirm\u0101s da\u013cas izpratn\u0113.<\/td><\/tr>

<\/td>		18. panta tre\u0161\u0101 un ceturt\u0101 da\u013ca: Pas\u016bt\u012bt\u0101js var sa\u0146emt konsult\u0101cijas no neatkar\u012bgiem ekspertiem vai iest\u0101d\u0113m, vai pieg\u0101d\u0101t\u0101jiem. Min\u0113t\u0101s konsult\u0101cijas var izmantot iepirkuma pl\u0101no\u0161an\u0101 un sagatavo\u0161an\u0101, ja t\u0101s neierobe\u017eo konkurenci un nep\u0101rk\u0101pj vienl\u012bdz\u012bgas attieksmes un caurskat\u0101m\u012bbas principus. Ja kandid\u0101ts vai pretendents, vai juridisk\u0101 persona, kas ir saist\u012bta ar kandid\u0101tu vai pretendentu, konsult\u0113ja pas\u016bt\u012bt\u0101ju vai cit\u0101di iesaist\u012bj\u0101s iepirkuma sagatavo\u0161an\u0101, pas\u016bt\u012bt\u0101js nodro\u0161ina, ka attiec\u012bg\u0101 kandid\u0101ta vai pretendenta dal\u012bbas d\u0113\u013c iepirkum\u0101 netiek ierobe\u017eota konkurence, pazi\u0146ojot citiem kandid\u0101tiem un pretendentiem b\u016btisku inform\u0101ciju, kura tika sniegta, kandid\u0101tam vai pretendentam iesaistoties iepirkuma sagatavo\u0161an\u0101, vai kura izriet no \u0161\u0101das iesaist\u012b\u0161an\u0101s, un nosakot atbilsto\u0161u termi\u0146u attiec\u012bgi pieteikumu vai pied\u0101v\u0101jumu iesnieg\u0161anai.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>



Atsauces:

\n\n\n1. Eiropas Parlamenta un Padomes Direkt\u012bva 2014\/24\/ES (2014. gada 26. febru\u0101ris) par publisko iepirkumu un ar ko atce\u013c Direkt\u012bvu 2004\/18\/EK. OV L 94, 28.03.2014., 65. lpp.\u21a9<\/a><\/sup>\n

\n\n2. Raksta sagatavo\u0161anas br\u012bd\u012b Saeima jau ir atbalst\u012bjusi attiec\u012bgo groz\u012bjumu likumprojektu 2. las\u012bjum\u0101.\u21a9<\/a><\/sup>\n
\n\n\n\n3. Spriedums, 2015. gada 13. oktobris, Intrasoft International\/Komisija, T\u2011403\/12, EU:T:2015:774, 74. punkts un taj\u0101 min\u0113t\u0101 judikat\u016bra.\u21a9<\/a><\/sup>\n
\n\n\n4. Autore p\u0101rst\u0101v Latvijas Tirdzniec\u012bbas un r\u016bpniec\u012bbas kameras biedru intereses PIL un citu publisko iepirkumus regul\u0113jo\u0161o jomu normat\u012bvo aktu izstr\u0101d\u0113 kop\u0161 2016. gada. \u21a9<\/a><\/sup>\n
\n5. Ties\u012bbu aktu projekts VSS-345. Pieejams: http:\/\/tap.mk.gov.lv\/lv\/mk\/tap\/?pid=40472291\u21a9<\/a><\/sup>\n
\n6. Spriedums, 2015. gada 12. marts, eVigilo, C\u2011538\/13, EU:C:2015:166.\u21a9<\/a><\/sup>\n
\n7. Iepirkumu uzraudz\u012bbas biroja skaidrojums “Intere\u0161u konflikta aktu\u0101lie jaut\u0101jumi publiskajos iepirkumos”, apstiprin\u0101ts 14.08.2019. Pieejams: https:\/\/www.iub.gov.lv\/sites\/default\/files\/upload\/skaidrojums_interesu_konflikta_aktualie_jautajumi_20190814.pdf\u21a9<\/a><\/sup>\n
\n8. Ties\u012bbu akti, kuri piem\u0113roti katr\u0101 no apskat\u0101maj\u0101m liet\u0101m, at\u0161\u0137iras, jo main\u0101s ik gadu. L\u012bdz ar to las\u012bt\u0101ji var iedzi\u013cin\u0101ties konkr\u0113tajos uz Eiropas Komisijas iepirkumiem attiecin\u0101mo normu formul\u0113jumos spriedumu tekst\u0101.\u21a9<\/a><\/sup>\n
\n9. Spriedums, 2015. gada 13. oktobris, Intrasoft International\/Komisija, T\u2011403\/12, EU:T:2015:774, 72. punkts.\u21a9<\/a><\/sup>\n
\n10. Turpat, 73. punkts.\u21a9<\/a><\/sup>\n
\n11. Turpat, 74. un 79. punkts un tajos min\u0113t\u0101 judikat\u016bra.\u21a9<\/a><\/sup>\n
\n12. Turpat, 75. punkts un taj\u0101 min\u0113t\u0101 judikat\u016bra.\u21a9<\/a><\/sup>\n
\n13. Turpat, 76. punkts un taj\u0101 min\u0113t\u0101 judikat\u016bra.\u21a9<\/a><\/sup>\n
\n14. Turpat, 51. punkts.\u21a9<\/a><\/sup>\n
\n15. Autores lietotais apz\u012bm\u0113jums las\u012bt\u0101ju \u0113rt\u012bbai.\u21a9<\/a><\/sup>\n
\n16. Spriedums, 2015. gada 13. oktobris, Intrasoft International\/Komisija, T\u2011403\/12, EU:T:2015:774, 11. punkts.\u21a9<\/a><\/sup>\n
\n17. Turpat, 90. punkts.\u21a9<\/a><\/sup>\n
\n18. Turpat, 92. un 93. punkts.\u21a9<\/a><\/sup>\n
\n19. Turpat, 82. punkts.\u21a9<\/a><\/sup>\n
\n20. Turpat, 83. punkts.\u21a9<\/a><\/sup>\n
\n21. Turpat, 85. punkts.\u21a9<\/a><\/sup>\n
\n22. Spriedums, 2016. gada 27. apr\u012blis, European Dynamics Luxembourg u.c.\/EUIPO, T\u2011556\/11, EU:T:2016:248, 43. punkts.\u21a9<\/a><\/sup>\n
\n23. Turpat, 45. punkts.\u21a9<\/a><\/sup>\n
\n24. Spriedums, 2016. gada 27. apr\u012blis, European Dynamics Luxembourg u.c.\/EUIPO, T\u2011556\/11, EU:T:2016:248, 47. punkts.\u21a9<\/a><\/sup>\n
\n25. Turpat, 40. punkts.\u21a9<\/a><\/sup>\n
\n26. Turpat, 48. punkts.\u21a9<\/a><\/sup>\n
\n27. Spriedums, 2018. gada 28. febru\u0101ris, Vakakis kai Synergates\/Komisija, T\u2011292\/15, EU:T:2018:103, 69. punkts.\u21a9<\/a><\/sup>\n
\n28. Turpat, 62. punkts un taj\u0101 min\u0113t\u0101 judikat\u016bra.\u21a9<\/a><\/sup>\n
\n29. Turpat, 63. punkts.\u21a9<\/a><\/sup>\n
\n30. Turpat, 64. punkts.\u21a9<\/a><\/sup>\n
\n31. Turpat, 69. punkts.\u21a9<\/a><\/sup>\n
\n32. Turpat, 85. punkts.\u21a9<\/a><\/sup>\n
\n33. Turpat, 104. punkts.\u21a9<\/a><\/sup>\n
\n34. Turpat, 116. un 117. punkts.\u21a9<\/a><\/sup>\n
\n35. Turpat, 130. punkts.\u21a9<\/a><\/sup>\n
\n36. Turpat, 122. punkts.\u21a9<\/a><\/sup>\n
\n37. Turpat, 138. punkts.\u21a9<\/a><\/sup>\n
\n38. Turpat, 144. punkts.\u21a9<\/a><\/sup>\n
\n39. Turpat, 145. punkts.\u21a9<\/a><\/sup>\n
\n40. Turpat, 148. punkts.\u21a9<\/a><\/sup>\n
\n41. Spriedumi, 2018. gada 28. febru\u0101ris, Vakakis kai Syergates pret Komisiju, T-292\/15, 197. un 198. punkts; un 2019. gada 12. febru\u0101ris, Vakakis kai Synergates\/Komisija, T\u2011292\/15, nav public\u0113ts, EU:T:2019:84, 53. punkts.\u21a9<\/a><\/sup>\n\n

\n\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

P\u013cavi\u0146a K. Intere\u0161u konflikts publiskaj\u0101 iepirkum\u0101 un zaud\u0113jumu piedzi\u0146a: Visp\u0101r\u0113j\u0101s tiesas judikat\u016bra. Jurista V\u0101rds, 22.12.2020., Nr. 51\/52 (1161\/1162), 41.-46.lpp. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Apst\u0101klis, kas intere\u0161u konflikta jaut\u0101jumos mulsina ne vienu vien Latvijas pas\u016bt\u012bt\u0101ju, ir tas, ka intere\u0161u konflikts kalpo par vienu no pretendenta izsl\u0113g\u0161anas pamatiem publisk\u0101 iepirkuma proced\u016br\u0101.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1936,"featured_media":15927,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[120,71,1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zurnalsiepirkumi.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15959"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zurnalsiepirkumi.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zurnalsiepirkumi.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zurnalsiepirkumi.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1936"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zurnalsiepirkumi.lv\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=15959"}],"version-history":[{"count":27,"href":"https:\/\/zurnalsiepirkumi.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15959\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16494,"href":"https:\/\/zurnalsiepirkumi.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15959\/revisions\/16494"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zurnalsiepirkumi.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/15927"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zurnalsiepirkumi.lv\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=15959"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zurnalsiepirkumi.lv\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=15959"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zurnalsiepirkumi.lv\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=15959"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}